1 Маккавейская · WEB-C
1 Маккавейская
6
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King Antiochus was traveling through the upper countries; and he heard that in Elymais in Persia there was a city renowned for riches, for silver and gold, and that the temple which was in it was exceedingly rich, and that in it were golden shields, breastplates, and weapons which Alexander, son of Philip, the Macedonian king, who reigned first among the Greeks, left behind there. So he came and tried to take the city and to pillage it; and he was not able, because his plan was known to them of the city, and they rose up against him in battle. He fled and returned to Babylon with great disappointment. Then someone came into Persia bringing him news that the armies which went against the land of Judah had been put to flight, and that Lysias went first with a strong army and was put to shame before them, and that they had grown strong because of weapons, power, and a supply of plunder which they took from the armies that they had cut off, and that they had pulled down the abomination which he had built upon the altar that was in Jerusalem, and that they had surrounded the sanctuary with high walls, as before, and also Bethsura, his city. It came to pass, when the king heard these words, he was astonished and moved exceedingly. He laid himself down on his bed, and fell sick for grief, because it had not turned out for him as he had planned. He was there many days, because great grief continually gripped him, and he realized that he would die. He called for all his friends, and said to them, “Sleep departs from my eyes, and my heart fails because of worry. I said in my heart, ‘To what suffering I have come! How great a flood it is that I’m in, now! For I was gracious and loved in my power.’ But now I remember the evils which I did at Jerusalem, and that I took all the vessels of silver and gold that were in it, and sent out to destroy the inhabitants of Judah without a cause. I perceive that it is because of this that these evils have come upon me. Behold, I am perishing through great grief in a strange land.” Then he called for Philip, one of his friends, and set him over all his kingdom. He gave him his crown, his robe, and his signet ring, so that he could guide Antiochus his son, and nourish him up that he might be king. Then King Antiochus died there in the one hundred forty-ninth year. When Lysias learned that the king was dead, he set up Antiochus his son to reign, whom he had nourished up being young, and he called his name Eupator. Those who were in the citadel kept hemming Israel in around the sanctuary, and always sought to harm them and to strengthen the Gentiles. Judas planned to destroy them, and called all the people together to besiege them. They were gathered together, and besieged them in the one hundred fiftieth year, and he made mounds to shoot from, and engines of war. Some of those who were hemmed in came out, and some of the ungodly men of Israel were joined to them. They went to the king, and said, “How long will you not execute judgment, and avenge our kindred? We were willing to serve your father and to live by his words, and to follow his commandments. Because of this, the children of our people besieged the citadel and were alienated from us; but as many of us as they could catch, they killed, and plundered our inheritances. Not against us only did they stretch out their hand, but also against all their borders. Behold, they are encamped this day against the citadel at Jerusalem to take it. They have fortified the sanctuary and Bethsura. If you don’t quickly prevent them, they will do greater things than these, and you won’t be able to control them. When the king heard this, he was angry, and gathered together all his friends, the rulers of his army, and those who were over the cavalry. Bands of hired soldiers came to him from other kingdoms and from islands of the sea. The number of his forces was one hundred thousand infantry, and twenty thousand cavalry, and thirty-two elephants trained for war. They went through Idumaea, and encamped against Bethsura, and fought against it many days, and made engines of war. The Jews came out and burned them with fire, and fought valiantly. Judas marched away from the citadel and encamped at Bethzacharias, near the king’s camp. The king rose early in the morning, and marched his army at full speed along the road to Bethzacharias. His forces made themselves ready to battle and sounded their trumpets. They offered the elephants the juice of grapes and mulberries, that they might prepare them for the battle. They distributed the animals among the phalanxes. They set by each elephant a thousand men armed with coats of mail and helmets of brass on their heads. Five hundred chosen cavalry were appointed for each elephant. These were ready beforehand, wherever the elephant was. Wherever the elephant went, they went with it. They didn’t leave it. Strong, covered wooden towers were upon them, one upon each elephant, fastened upon it with secure harnesses. Upon each were four valiant men who fought upon them, beside his Indian driver. The rest of the cavalry he set on this side and that side on the two flanks of the army, striking terror into the enemy, and protected by the phalanxes. Now when the sun shone upon the shields of gold and brass, the mountains lit up, and blazed like flaming torches. A part of the king’s army was spread upon the high hills and some on the low ground, and they went on firmly and in order. All who heard the noise of their multitude, the marching of the multitude, and the rattling of the weapons trembled; for the army was exceedingly great and strong. Judas and his army drew near for battle, and six hundred men of the king’s army fell. Eleazar, who was called Avaran, saw one of the animals armed with royal breastplates, and it was taller than all the animals, and the king seemed to be on it. He gave his life to deliver his people, and to get himself an everlasting name. He ran upon him courageously into the midst of the phalanx, and killed on the right hand and on the left, and they parted away from him on this side and on that. He crept under the elephant, and stabbed it from beneath, and killed it. The elephant fell to the earth upon him, and he died there. They saw the strength of the kingdom and the fierce attack of the army, and turned away from them. But the soldiers of the king’s army went up to Jerusalem to meet them, and the king encamped toward Judea and toward mount Zion. He made peace with the people of Bethsura. He came out of the city because they had no food there to endure the siege, because it was a Sabbath to the land. The king took Bethsura, and appointed a garrison there to keep it. He encamped against the sanctuary many days; and set there mounds to shoot from, and engines of war, and machines for throwing fire and stones, and weapons to throw darts, and slings. The Jews also made engines of war against their engines, and fought for many days. But there was no food in the sanctuary, because it was the seventh year, and those who fled for safety into Judea from among the Gentiles had eaten up the rest of the stores. There were only a few people left in the sanctuary, because the famine prevailed against them, and they were scattered, each man to his own place. Lysias heard that Philip, whom Antiochus the king, while he was yet alive, appointed to raise his son Antiochus to be king, had returned from Persia and Media, and with him the forces that went with the king, and that he was seeking to take control of the government. He made haste, and gave orders to depart. He said to the king and the leaders of the army and to the men, “We get weaker daily, our food is scant, the place where we encamp is strong, and the affairs of the kingdom lie upon us. Now therefore let’s negotiate with these men, and make peace with them and with all their nation, and covenant with them, that they may walk after their own laws, as before; for because of their laws which we abolished they were angered, and did all these things.” The speech pleased the king and the princes, and he sent to them to make peace; and they accepted it. The king and the princes swore to them. On these conditions, they came out from the stronghold. Then the king entered into mount Zion. He saw the strength of the place, and broke the oath which he had sworn, and gave orders to pull down the wall all around. Then he left in haste and returned to Antioch, and found Philip master of the city. He fought against him, and took the city by force.
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Примечания · Хейдок (1859, общественное достояние)Примечаний: 25
Примечания на английском Католический комментарий XIX века о. Джорджа Лео Хейдока в изданном виде.
Эти примечания сохраняют полемику своего времени: в некоторых резко говорится о еврейском народе или о других христианах. Сегодня Церковь учит иначе. Еврейский народ нельзя обвинять в смерти Христа (Nostra Aetate 4; Катехизис 597–598), а христиане других общин — наши братья и сёстры в Господе (Unitatis Redintegratio 3). Единство христиан
1 Маккавейская 6:1
Ver. 1. Higher, beyond the Euphrates. C. iii. 30. 37. C. --- The city. Gr. Alex. &c.
"a city in Elymais," &c. The Rom. copy, Syr. Jos. style the place Elymais, where the temple was. C. ---
Profane authors agree that this temple was very rich, and that Epiphanes attempted to plunder it.
S. Jer. in Dan. xi. --- Nanea. Venus or Diana was the deity there adored, whom the king pretended he would marry. 2 Mac. i. 13. and ix. 2. C. --- The account of the death of Epiphanes is given to v. 16. and 2 B. ix. W.
↑ 11 Маккавейская 6:4
Ver. 4. Battle. it is not known whether Elymais belonged to the king. Strabo (16) observes it was very jealous of its liberty, which it maintained against the Persians and the successors of Alexander. C. --- Babylonia. At last he returned toward the country of Babylon. But before he arrived, the news of his generals'
bad success in Judea filled him with vexation, and brought on desperate diseases. v. 8, and 2 B. ix. 5. W. --- He intended to pass by the country or city of Babylon, but was prevented by illness on the mountains which dived it from Persia.
↑ 41 Маккавейская 6:5
Ver. 5. Persia, at Ecbatana. He expired at Tabis, having fallen from his chariot,
&c. 2 B. ix. C.
↑ 51 Маккавейская 6:12
Ver. 12. Evils. All this repentance was fictitious. 2 B. ix. W.
↑ 121 Маккавейская 6:14
Ver. 14. Friends, educated with him. He appointed him regent instead of Lysias.
C. --- His son Eupator was only nine years old. Appian. --- He made him appear and be recognized by the army. Eupator means one "born of a good father." C.
↑ 141 Маккавейская 6:16
Ver. 16. Nine. He began his persecution A. 143, so that it lasted six years and almost four months, or 2300 days, (Dan. viii. 14.) during which time Judas purified the temple, some months before the death of Epiphanes. W.
↑ 161 Маккавейская 6:20
Ver. 20. Fifty. How then was peace made in 148, as we read 2 B. xi. 21.? Usher (3841) supposes the ear was reckoned according to the Chaldee custom, which defers is six months.
Basnage (ii. 1.) rather thins that the letter is placed out of its proper order, and should occur at the beginning of Eupator's reign. See 2 B. x. --- Slings, or to thrown stones, &c. ballistas. H. --- The Gr. and Josephus rather indicate terraces, or towers where the machines were placed.
↑ 201 Маккавейская 6:30
Ver. 30. Hundred. The 2 B. xi. 2. specifies 80,000. But it speaks of a subsequent action.
↑ 301 Маккавейская 6:31
Ver. 31. Idumea. The passes on the north were probably occupied. --- Bethsura lay to the south of Jerusalem. C.
↑ 311 Маккавейская 6:32
Ver. 32. Bethzacharam, a defile (Jos.) between the city and Bethsura. Judas abandoned the siege of the castle on Sion. C.
↑ 321 Маккавейская 6:34
Ver. 34. Blood of grapes, wine, (Deut. xxxii. 14.) and the juice of mulberries incite elephants to fight, as the smell of some sorts of blood causes dogs to hunt. Vales. Phil. lxxxii. W. --- This might be done to accustom the elephants to the sight of blood. C. --- White colours irritate them most, as red do bulls. Plut.
de Fort. Alex. --- Sometimes wine and spirits were given them to drink, when they were to trample on criminals: but it was only shewn them when going to battle, as by drinking they lose their strength. Elian, Hist. ii. 40. and xiii. 8. and 3 Mac. v. 30.
↑ 341 Маккавейская 6:37
Ver. 37. Thirty-two. Bochart looks upon this and other such accounts as fabulous. He does not determine how many might fight in these towers; but allows that there must have been above two or three, as some would correct the Gr. text, "two or three strong men fighting with darts upon them." An elephant has been known to carry above 5000 pounds, and thirty-two men would weigh no more than 4800. Pliny (viii. 7.) observes that sixty people have been seen upon an elephant. Eupator probably had his from India, where they are larger than in Africa. A person of that country was deemed fittest to manage them.
↑ 371 Маккавейская 6:38
Ver. 38. Trumpets. It would seem as if the infantry had none. Yet this does not appear probable.
The Greek reads in a different manner. Some copies have "to stir up and enclose them in the defiles," which seems useless; or "to keep them together in the phalanxes," (MS. Alex. C.) as the Vulg. has read. M.
↑ 381 Маккавейская 6:39
Ver. 39. Gold. The Argyraspides of Alexander had "shields of silver." His successors might surpass this magnificence; or the officers might have golden and the soldiers brazen bucklers.
↑ 391 Маккавейская 6:42
Ver. 42. Six, &c. before the exploit of Eleazer. Others fell afterwards. 2 B. xi. 11.
specifies 11,000 foot, and 600 horse. Josephus says 1000 of the van guard.
↑ 421 Маккавейская 6:43
Ver. 43. Saura. Gr. "Avaron," (C.) Alex. "the Sauaran." H. --- He is styled Abaron, (C. ii. 5.) the brother of Judas. C. Jos. Sa. M. --- Arab. says "his servant." This feat is attributed to Judas, (2
B. xiii. 15.) as he was general, and approved of, or "commanded" Eleazer to act thus, according to Ben. Gorion, (iii. 20.) and the Arab. --- Harness, for greater security. The skin is very hard, except under the belly. C. --- Elephants in the army of Antiochus the great, or rather "the coward," were richly adorned. Flor.
ii. 8. --- Porus, king of India, rode on one covered with gold.
Curt. viii.
↑ 431 Маккавейская 6:44
Ver. 44. Name. This motive has made some condemn the exploit. But surely a person may seek to acquire fame, even by exposing himself to danger. Eleazar might well hope that the beast would not fall so suddenly. The other motive specified is truly noble and virtuous, and we cannot condemn this hero without stronger proofs. S. Gregory (Mor. xix. 13.) represents him as a figure of the proud: but he might not therefore be one of the number, (C.) no more than Esau, who was a type of the reprobate. Mal. i. 3. H. --- S. Ambrose (Off. i. 40.) highly commends the fortitude of this soldier exposing himself to the danger of death for a religion. W. --- This is the general sentiment. See Serar. M. T.
Grot. jure. iii. 4. a. 18.
↑ 441 Маккавейская 6:46
Ver. 46. Under it. The rhinoceros attacks the elephant in that most vulnerable part. Pliny 20.
↑ 461 Маккавейская 6:47
Ver. 47. Them. Judas thought proper to retire to the temple, which alone was fortified, and in his power. The citadel of Sion held for the king, and the city was defenceless. Only what lay to the north of Bethsura was then called Judea. The Idumeans occupied the rest. Eupator blockaded the temple, and besieged Bethsura, which he took. v. 51. This siege is related more at length. 2
B.
xii. 19. It cost the king a great deal. C.
↑ 471 Маккавейская 6:51
Ver. 51. Battering slings. Lit. balistas. H. See v. 20. --- Fire, or the long javelin, falarica, mentioned by Livy xxi.
Incita sulcatum tremulâ secat aera flamma. Silius.
--- Pieces. Lit. "scorpions," (H.) a sort of pointed dart, (C.) filled with poison, virus qua figit effundit. Tert. scorp.
↑ 511 Маккавейская 6:55
Ver. 55. King. Lysias had thus been displaced. v. 14. C. --- Providence permitted that he should seek his own interest, and thus deliver Judas from the most imminent danger.
↑ 551 Маккавейская 6:58
Ver. 58. Come. Lit. "give our right hands," (H.) the sign of the most inviolable engagements among the Persians. Jos. Ant. xvii. ult.
↑ 581 Маккавейская 6:59
Ver. 59. Before, by leave of Cyrus, Alex. &c. --- Despising. Gr. "abolished." They had made the attempt.
↑ 591 Маккавейская 6:62
Ver. 62. Oath. Eupator was not above ten years old, (v. 14. 20.) so that Lysias must bear the greatest blame. He seems to have prepossessed the king against Philip, the regent. H.
↑ 621 Маккавейская 6:63
Ver. 63. City, and slew Philip. Jos. Ant. xii. 15.) C. --- Read 2 B. xiii. 1. W.
↑ 63Лицензия: Notes by Fr. George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), from the Douay-Rheims Bible with Haydock's commentary (first ed. Thomas Haydock, Manchester/Dublin, 1811–1814; New York: Edward Dunigan & Brother, 1859); New Testament notes compiled with Fr. Benedict Rayment. Public domain. Digital text: "The Haydock Bible", Internet Archive (archive.org/details/TheHaydockBible), uploaded 2011 under the Public Domain Mark. · Благодарности и лицензии