友弟德传 · WEB-C
友弟德传
8
圣经经文合成语音（AI）
In those days Judith heard about this. She was the daughter of Merari, the son of Ox, the son of Joseph, the son of Oziel, the son of Elkiah, the son of Ananias, the son of Gideon, the son of Raphaim, the son of Ahitub, the son of Elihu, the son of Eliab, the son of Nathanael, the son of Salamiel, the son of Salasadai, the son of Israel. Her husband was Manasses, of her tribe and of her family. He died in the days of barley harvest. For he stood over those who bound sheaves in the field, and was overcome by the burning heat, and he fell on his bed, and died in his city Bethulia. So they buried him with his fathers in the field which is between Dothaim and Balamon. Judith was a widow in her house three years and four months. She made herself a tent upon the roof of her house, and put on sackcloth upon her loins. The garments of her widowhood were upon her. And she fasted all the days of her widowhood, except the eves of the Sabbaths, the Sabbaths, the eves of the new moons, the new moons, and the feasts and joyful days of the house of Israel. She was beautiful in appearance, and lovely to behold. Her husband Manasses had left her gold, silver, menservants, maidservants, cattle, and lands. She remained on those lands. No one said anything evil about her, for she feared God exceedingly. She heard the evil words of the people against the governor, because they fainted for lack of water; and Judith heard all the words that Ozias spoke to them, how he swore to them that he would deliver the city to the Assyrians after five days. So she sent her maid, who was over all things that she had, to summon Ozias, Chabris, and Charmis, the elders of her city. They came to her, and she said to them, “Hear me now, O you rulers of the inhabitants of Bethulia! For your word that you have spoken before the people this day is not right. You have set the oath which you have pronounced between God and you, and have promised to deliver the city to our enemies, unless within these days the Lord turns to help you. Now who are you that you have tested God this day, and stand in the place of God among the children of men? Now try the Lord Almighty, and you will never know anything. For you will not find the depth of the heart of man, and you will not perceive the things that he thinks. How will you search out God, who has made all these things, and know his mind, and comprehend his purpose? No, my kindred, don’t provoke the Lord our God to anger! For if he has not decided to help us within these five days, he has power to defend us in such time as he will, or to destroy us before the face of our enemies. But don’t you pledge the counsels of the Lord our God! For God is not like a human being, that he should be threatened, neither is he like a son of man, that he should be won over by pleading. Therefore let’s wait for the salvation that comes from him, and call upon him to help us. He will hear our voice, if it pleases him. For there arose none in our age, neither is there any of us today, tribe, or kindred, or family, or city, which worship gods made with hands, as it was in the former days; for which cause our fathers were given to the sword, and for plunder, and fell with a great destruction before our enemies. But we know no other god beside him. Therefore we hope that he will not despise us, nor any of our race. For if we are captured, all Judea will be captured and our sanctuary will be plundered; and he will require our blood for profaning it. The slaughter of our kindred, the captivity of the land, and the desolation of our inheritance, he will bring on our heads among the Gentiles, wherever we will be in bondage. We will be an offense and a reproach to those who take us for a possession. For our bondage will not be ordered to favor; but the Lord our God will turn it to dishonor. And now, kindred, let’s show an example to our kindred, because their soul depends on us, and the sanctuary, the house, and the altar depend on us. Besides all this let’s give thanks to the Lord our God, who tries us, even as he did our fathers also. Remember all the things which he did to Abraham, and all the things in which he tried Isaac, and all the things which happened to Jacob in Mesopotamia of Syria, when he kept the sheep of Laban his mother’s brother. For he has not tried us in the fire, as he did them, to search out their hearts, neither has he taken vengeance on us; but the Lord scourges those who come near to him, to admonish them.” And Ozias said to her, “All that you have spoken, you have spoken with a good heart. There is no one who will deny your words. For this is not the first day wherein your wisdom is manifested; but from the beginning of your days all the people have known your understanding, because the disposition of your heart is good. But the people were exceedingly thirsty, and compelled us to do as we spoke to them, and to bring an oath upon ourselves, which we will not break. And now pray for us, because you are a godly woman, and the Lord will send us rain to fill our cisterns, and we will faint no more.” Then Judith said to them, “Hear me, and I will do a thing, which will go down to all generations among the children of our race. You shall all stand at the gate tonight. I will go out with my maid. Within the days after which you said that you would deliver the city to our enemies, the Lord will deliver Israel by my hand. But you shall not inquire of my act; for I will not tell you until the things are finished that I will do.” Then Ozias and the rulers said to her, “Go in peace. May the Lord God be before you, to take vengeance on our enemies.” So they returned from the tent, and went to their stations.
反思
此经文暂无经审阅的反思。
注释 · Haydock（1859，公有领域）21 条注释
注释为英文 George Leo Haydock 神父的 19 世纪天主教注释，按原版呈现。
这些注释保留了其时代的论争：有些对犹太民族或其他基督徒措辞严厉。今天教会的训导并非如此：不可把基督之死归咎于犹太民族（《教会对非基督宗教态度宣言》4；《天主教教理》597–598），其他团体的基督徒是我们在主内的弟兄姊妹（《大公主义法令》3）。 基督徒合一
友弟德传 8:1
Ver. 1. Idox. Gr. "ox," &c. All the versions disagree, as the copyists have probably taken in part of v. 3 too soon, supposing that the genealogy of women was never given. S. Fulgentius (ep. ad Gallam) differs from all, giving the ancestors of Manasses as the same with those of Judith. C. ---
Simeon, the son of Ruben. In the Greek it is, the son of Israel. For Simeon, the patriarch, from whom Judith descended, was not the son, but the brother of Ruben. It seems more probable, that the Simeon and the Ruben here mentioned are not the patriarchs, but two of the descendants of the patriarch Simeon: and that the genealogy of Judith, recorded in this place, is not carried up so high as the patriarchs. No more than that of Elcana, the father of Samuel, (1 K. i. 1.) and that of king Saul. 1 K. ix. 1. Ch. --- Others think that Judith descended from Ruben, by her father, and from Simeon, by her mother; (E.) or that, instead of son of Ruben, we should read "brother." But as we know that Judith calls Simeon her father, (C. ix. 2.) it is more likely that Ruben has been placed for Israel, as it is in Syr. S. Fulg. &c. This correction is maintained by Bellarmine, Salien, M. C. --- Thus both Judith and her husband were of the same tribe, the former by Salathiel, the latter by Sarisadai. C. --- Innumerable are the mistakes in the proper names, in Scripture. H. ---
Some of these might have had more than one. Gr. has Sarasdai, (Compl.
"Saladai;" Alex. Sept.
"Salasadai.") instead of Simeon, son of Israel: (C.) Alex. " Jeél, " which is probably a contraction for Israel. H.
↑ 1友弟德传 8:2
Ver. 2. Who. Gr. adds, "of her tribe and family, and he died in the days," &c.
↑ 2友弟德传 8:3
Ver. 3. Died. Gr. "fell upon his couch; (Grabe adds, "an died in Betuloua, his own city,") and they buried him with his fathers, in the field between Dothaim and Balamo." H. --- These places seem to be added without reason, as they were too remote from Bethulia. C.
↑ 3友弟德传 8:4–5
Ver. 4-5. Six. So the old Vulg. Gr. and Syr. have, four months. --- Private. Gr. "a tent on the roof," that she might look towards Jerusalem, and pray with less distraction. Absalom lay in such a situation. 2 K. xvi. 22. C. --- In which. Gr.
"and she put sackcloth," &c. v. 6. H. --- It was a rough sort of garment. C. ---
Judith led a most religious life, in prayer, hair-cloth, and fasting, all the year, except on the festivals. W.
↑ 4友弟德传 8:6
Ver. 6. Loins. Gr. "and she had on the garments of her widowhood, and." H. ---
She laid these aside. C. x. ii. C. --- Life. Gr. "widowhood, except the day before the sabbath, and the sabbaths, and the new moons, and feasts, and days of rejoicing of the house of Israel." H. --- Syr. and old Vulg. omit, "the day before the sabbath;" and perhaps it may not have been in the original, the Greek translator having inserted it conformably to the practice of his times. It was then prescribed to abstain from fasting, that the joy of the festival might not be impaired, (Grot.) and because it would be necessary to taste what was made ready for the sabbath; (Skikard, Purim) or rather because, as the festival began on Friday, between the two vespers, or from three to six in the afternoon, during the equinoxes, the fast could not be rigorously observed on Friday. C.
---
New moons were days of rejoicing. M. 1 K. xx. 5. --- The Jews kept two days together, for fear of missing the day on which the moon really appeared.
Several feasts were also prescribed perhaps before this time, on the 1st and 22nd of Nisan, &c.
↑ 6友弟德传 8:7
Ver. 7. Of oxen. Gr. Syr. &c. add, "and fields, and she lived on them."
↑ 7友弟德传 8:8
Ver. 8. Her. "The reputation of chastity in women is tender, and, like a beautiful flower, presently withers at the least blast, and perishes; particularly when they are at an age prone to vice, and destitute of the authority of a husband, whose shadow is the safeguard to a wife." S.
Jer. ad Salvinam. --- The Scripture could not give Judith a greater character. C.
--- How few can obtain it at present, though their virtue may be most pure, detraction is so keen! H.
↑ 8友弟德传 8:9
Ver. 9. When. Gr. and Syr. "and she heard of the evil discourses of the populace against the magistrate, as they lost courage on account of the scarcity of water; and Judith heard of all the words of Ozias to them, how he had sworn to them that he would deliver up the city to the Assyrians after five days. Then sending her maid, whom she had placed at the head of all her possessions, she called Ozias," &c. The following verses give the same sense as the Vulg. though in other words, and with some additional circumstances.
H.
↑ 9友弟德传 8:13
Ver. 13. Pleasure. She blames the magistrates for taking a rash oath, pretending to fathom the designs of God, and to fix a time for him, and not attempting to make any resistance, though the welfare of the whole nation, and the sacred things, depended on their exertions. C. --- They had been assured that God had heard their prayer, (C. iv. 9.) and had often witnessed a miraculous interference of Providence. In other circumstances (H.) the magistrates would not have been to blame, though Judith might think them so; (Serarius. See v. 26. M.) and, in effect, they ought rather to have died than thus to have exposed all to certain ruin. W.
↑ 13友弟德传 8:15
Ver. 15. Man. Gr. "But do not you govern the designs of the Lord, our God, for God is not to be menaced like a man, nor forced to give an account like the son of man." H. Num. xxiii. 19.
↑ 15友弟德传 8:18
Ver. 18. For. Gr. "As there has not arisen in our families generations, nor is there at this day either tribe, or family, or populace, or city among us, adoring gods made with hands, as it happened in days past;" in the former part of the reign of Manasses. All had begun to open their eyes, at the sight of the dreadful catastrophe. H.
↑ 18友弟德传 8:20
Ver. 20. Let. Gr. "Wherefore we hope that he will not despise us, nor those of our race; nor, if we be taken, will Judea be so styled, our sacred things will be plundered. He will require his profanation at our mouth," &c. She shews the dread consequences which will ensue from the rash oath, and from such dastardly conduct under trial. H.
↑ 20友弟德传 8:21
Ver. 21. Brethren. Gr. adds, "Let us shew our brethren that their soul depends on us, and the holy things, and the house, (temple) and the altar, are supported by us." These were not therefore demolished. C. v. 22. H. --- "Yea, let us give thanks, above all, to the Lord our God, who tries us like our fathers.
Remember," &c.
↑ 21友弟德传 8:23
Ver. 23. Jacob. Gr. adds, "in Mesopotamia...because he does not take vengeance on us, as he made them pass through fire to examine their heart.
But the Lord, for an admonition, chastises those who approach to him. And Ozias," v. 28. H.
↑ 23友弟德传 8:25
Ver. 25. Destroyer. As this word is not used elsewhere, (W.) S. Paul seems to allude to this passage, (1 Cor. x. 10.) as Judith does to various punishments (Num. xi. 1. and xiv. 12. and xx. 4.
C.) inflicted by an angel. M.
↑ 25友弟德传 8:26
Ver. 26. Suffer, as if to shew our impatience (H.) and anger against God. M.
↑ 26友弟德传 8:28
Ver. 28. Words. Gr. adds, "for it is not to-day only that thy wisdom has appeared, but from thy earliest days all the people has known thy prudence, as the formation (H. Syr. the thought. C.) of thy heart is good. But the people was much oppressed with thirst, and they forced us to...take an oath, which we shall not break. Now," &c. H. --- It hence appears that Judith was not very young; and as many desired to marry her, (C. ult. Gr.) we may conclude that she was of a middle age, or about thirty-five. Houbigant.
↑ 28友弟德传 8:29
Ver. 29. God. Gr. adds, "and the Lord will send rain to fill our reservoirs, and we shall faint no longer. And Judith replied: Hear me, and I will perform an action which shall come to the ears of all future generations of our race. You," &c. v.
32. H. --- She did not tell what she was going to do. C.
↑ 29友弟德传 8:32
Ver. 32. Servant. Gr. abra, commonly (H.) denotes a maid of honour, (W.) or companion, though sometimes it is applied to people of loose morals. This servant had probably the administration of the affairs of her mistress, v. 9. C.
--- Pray. Gr. "as you...the Lord will by my hand look," &c.
↑ 32友弟德传 8:33
Ver. 33. And till. Gr. "for I shall not tell you, till what I am about be accomplished. And Ozias, with the princes, said to her."
↑ 33友弟德传 8:34
Ver. 34. Departed. Gr. adds, "from the tent to their respective stations."
↑ 34许可: Notes by Fr. George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), from the Douay-Rheims Bible with Haydock's commentary (first ed. Thomas Haydock, Manchester/Dublin, 1811–1814; New York: Edward Dunigan & Brother, 1859); New Testament notes compiled with Fr. Benedict Rayment. Public domain. Digital text: "The Haydock Bible", Internet Archive (archive.org/details/TheHaydockBible), uploaded 2011 under the Public Domain Mark. · 致谢与许可