المكابيين الأول · WEB-C
المكابيين الأول
8
نص الكتاب المقدسصوت اصطناعي (ذكاء اصطناعي)
سفر المكابيين الأول غير موجود في AVD، لذا يُعرض هذا الفصل من WEB-C (World English Bible (Catholic)). لا يوجد بعدُ إصدار مثبَّت بهذه اللغة يتضمن هذا السفر.
Judas heard of the fame of the Romans, that they are valiant men, and have pleasure in all who join themselves to them, and make friends with all who come to them, and that they are valiant men. They told him of their wars and exploits which they do among the Gauls, and how they conquered them, and forced them to pay tribute; and what things they did in the land of Spain, that they might take control of the silver and gold mines which were there; and how by their policy and persistence they conquered all the place (and the place was exceedingly far from them), and the kings who came against them from the uttermost part of the earth, until they had defeated them, and struck them severely; and how the rest give them tribute year by year. Philip, and Perseus, king of Chittim, and those who lifted up themselves against them, they defeated in battle, and conquered them. Antiochus also, the great king of Asia, came against them to battle, having one hundred twenty elephants, with cavalry, chariots, and an exceedingly great army, and he was defeated by them. They took him alive, and decreed that both he and those who reigned after him should give them a great tribute, and should give hostages, and a parcel of land from the best of their provinces: the countries of India, Media, and Lydia. They took them from him, and gave them to King Eumenes. Judas heard how the Greeks planned to come and destroy them, but this became known to them, and they sent against them a general who fought against them, and many of them fell down wounded to death, and they made captive their wives and their children, and plundered them, and conquered their land, and pulled down their strongholds, and plundered them, and brought them into bondage to this day. The remaining kingdoms and islands, as many as rose up against them at any time, they destroyed and made them to be their servants; but with their friends and those who relied on them they stayed friends. They conquered the kingdoms that were near and those that were far off, and all that heard of their fame were afraid of them. Moreover, whoever they desired to help and to make kings, these they make kings; and whoever they desired, they depose. They are exalted exceedingly. For all this, none of them ever put on a crown, neither did they clothe themselves with purple, as a display of grandeur. Judas heard how they had made for themselves a senate house, and day by day, three hundred twenty men sat in council, consulting always for the people, to the end they might be well governed, and how they commit their government to one man year by year, that he should rule over them, and control all their country, and all are obedient to that one, and there is neither envy nor emulation among them. So Judas chose Eupolemus the son of John, the son of Accos, and Jason the son of Eleazar, and sent them to Rome, to establish friendship and alliance with them, and that they should free the yoke from themselves; for they saw that the kingdom of the Greeks kept Israel in bondage. Then they went to Rome, a very long journey, and they entered into the senate house, and said, “Judas, who is also called Maccabaeus, and his kindred, and the people of the Jews, have sent us to you, to make an alliance and peace with you, and that we might be registered as your allies and friends.” This thing was pleasing to them. This is the copy of the writing which they wrote back again on tables of brass, and sent to Jerusalem, that it might be with them there for a memorial of peace and alliance: “Good success be to the Romans, and to the nation of the Jews, by sea and by land forever. May the sword and the enemy be far from them. But if war arises for Rome first, or any of their allies in all their dominion, the nation of the Jews shall help them as allies, as the occasion shall indicate to them, with all their heart. To those who make war upon them, they shall not give supplies, food, weapons, money, or ships, as it has seemed good to Rome, and they shall keep their ordinances without taking anything in return. In the same way, moreover, if war comes first upon the nation of the Jews, the Romans shall willingly help them as allies, as the occasion shall indicate to them; and to those who are fighting with them, there shall not be given food, weapons, money, or ships, as it has seemed good to Rome. They shall keep these ordinances, and that without deceit. According to these terms, the Romans made a treaty with the Jewish people. But if hereafter the one party and the other shall determine to add or diminish anything, they shall do it at their pleasure, and whatever they add or take away shall be ratified. Concerning the evils which King Demetrius is doing to them, we have written to him, saying, ‘Why have you made your yoke heavy on our friends and allies the Jews? If therefore they plead any more against you, we will do them justice, and fight with you on sea and on land.’”
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المكابيين الأول 8:1
Ver. 1. Romans. Many historians, Livy, Plutarch, &c. record the same. W. ---
Things. Gr.
"people who join them." H. --- They comply with their just requests. M. --- The Scripture speaks of the fine times of the republic and gives this temporal reward to the virtues of the Romans, which they so greatly sought, and to which alone they were entitled. C. --- "Hitherto, says Florus, the Roman people were beautiful, noble, pious, holy, and magnificent." The Jews, first among the eastern nations, employed their friendship to secure their liberty. Facile tunc Romanis de alieno lagrientibus, Just. xxxvi.
↑ 1المكابيين الأول 8:2
Ver. 2. They heard, &c. What is here set down of the history and character of the ancient Romans, is not an assertion, or affirmation of the sacred writer; but only a relation of what Judas had heard of them. Ch. --- Fame generally magnifies. --- Galatia, over which Volso triumphed.
Livy xxxviii. C. --- The Gauls near Narbonne were then tributary to the Romans.
Harduin.
↑ 2المكابيين الأول 8:3
Ver. 3. Mines, for which Spain was most famous. Pliny iii. 3. Strabo iii. --- The place, or every place in the world. M.
↑ 3المكابيين الأول 8:4
Ver. 4. Earth, little known to the Jews, like Syphax, &c.
↑ 4المكابيين الأول 8:5
Ver. 5. Ceteans. That is, the Macedonians. Ch. --- Flaminius subdued the former, and P. Emilius the latter.
↑ 5المكابيين الأول 8:6
Ver. 6. Twenty. Livy mentions only fifty-four. Florus allows that elephants were on both sides of the army, consisting of 300,000 foot. Appian admits but 70,000
men. C. --- Polybius (5.) asserts that Antiochus had 102 elephants against Ptolemy. In this war he might well have 120. W.
↑ 6المكابيين الأول 8:7
Ver. 7. Alive. He was forced to submit to conditions, as hard as if he had been prisoner. C. ---
He was present with the ambassabors at Lysimachia, to see the conditions put in execution.
Polyd. xvii. --- Tribute. He had to pay all the expenses of the war, 15,000 talents of Eubea, 350 to Eumenes, and 127 for wheat. Twenty hostages were required to be exchanged every three years.
--- Upon. Gr. "the division," (C.) or all Europe, and from Halys as far as Mount Taurus. All his elephants at Apamea, and his ships of war, were also ceded.
Livy xxxviii.
↑ 7المكابيين الأول 8:8
Ver. 8. Indians. So the Ionians and Carians might be styled, from the Indus or Kalbit, which flows through their country. The Midæi dwelt in those regions.
Harduin. --- Some think the Ionians and Mysians should be put for the Indians and Medes, (Grot.) as they were given up to Eumenes. Livy --- Yet the name of Indian was very vague, and denoted the Ethiopians, Arabs,
&c. C. --- Eumedes. King of Pergamus. Ch.
↑ 8المكابيين الأول 8:9
Ver. 9. Greece, in league with Antiochus, (Grot.) or the Etolians, whom Glabrio conquered, may be meant. Salien.
↑ 9المكابيين الأول 8:13
Ver. 13. Reigned, like Masinissa, Prusias, Eumenes, Eupator, and Phiolmetor.
↑ 13المكابيين الأول 8:14
Ver. 14. Crown, after the expulsion of the Tarquins.
↑ 14المكابيين الأول 8:15
Ver. 15. Twenty. These latter were people in office, the two consuls, pretors, and questors, the four ediles, and ten tribunes. After Sylla the number of senators was augmented from 300 to 1000. Alex. Genial iv. 11. C.
↑ 15المكابيين الأول 8:16
Ver. 16. To one man. There were two consuls; but one only ruled at one time, each in his day.
Ch. --- Of this we have an example in the battle of Cannæ. The first of the consuls wore the ornaments. Livy --- It would have been more dreadful to have two than one ruler. W. --- One of them governed at home; the other in the armies, and this latter alone was known to the Jews.
They might also be falsely informed that a dictator was chosen every year.
This was only done on great emergencies. C. --- No envy, &c. So Judas had heard; and it was so far true, with regard to the ancient Romans: that as yet no envy or jealousy had divided them into such open factions and civil wars, as they afterwards experienced in the time of Marius and Sylla, &c. Ch. ---
Before they seemed all bent on promoting the public good. Sallust. Catiline.
↑ 16المكابيين الأول 8:21
Ver. 21. Sight. The Romans expected they should soon be at war with Demetrius, and had heard of the exploits of Judas.
↑ 21المكابيين الأول 8:26
Ver. 26. Shall they. The Jews and Romans shall pay their own forces. T. M. ---
Grotius explains it, as if the former were to give no aid to the enemies of Rome.
↑ 26المكابيين الأول 8:28
Ver. 28. To them. Grotius adds, "to the enemies and to them," &c. which is the sense of the Syr.
and Arab. and the most natural.
↑ 28المكابيين الأول 8:31
Ver. 31. Jews. He and his predecessors had abused their power. Yet Rupert and Peter of Blois (ep. 146.) disapprove of the Jews having recourse to the Romans: they might flee away. It is not lawful to take arms against the sovereign. God had, however, sufficiently evinced by miracles that the conduct of the Machabees was pleasing to him. 2 B. xv. 12. C. --- The Jews were not properly subjects, though tributary to foreign kings, whose design was to exterminate them. C.
iii. 39. Self-preservation dictated that they should call in the aid of others. H. ---
To die for religion was a great blessing. C. --- But God would not have his people thus entirely destroyed.
The obligations of rulers and of the people are reciprocal. All nations have asserted their right to seek redress under oppression. Yet few have been treated so ill as the Jews. Few have acted with equal zeal and justice. H.
↑ 31الترخيص: Notes by Fr. George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), from the Douay-Rheims Bible with Haydock's commentary (first ed. Thomas Haydock, Manchester/Dublin, 1811–1814; New York: Edward Dunigan & Brother, 1859); New Testament notes compiled with Fr. Benedict Rayment. Public domain. Digital text: "The Haydock Bible", Internet Archive (archive.org/details/TheHaydockBible), uploaded 2011 under the Public Domain Mark. · الشكر والتراخيص