1 Maccabées · WEB-C
1 Maccabées
13
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1 Maccabées ne figure pas dans LSG ; ce chapitre est affiché depuis WEB-C (World English Bible (Catholic)). Aucune édition installée dans cette langue ne contient encore ce livre.
Simon heard that Tryphon had gathered together a mighty army to come into the land of Judah and destroy it utterly. He saw that the people were trembling in great fear. So he went up to Jerusalem and gathered the people together. He encouraged them, and said to them, “You yourselves know all the things that I, my kindred, and my father’s house have done for the laws and the sanctuary, and the battles and the distresses which we have seen. Because of this, all my brothers have perished for Israel’s sake, and I am left alone. Now be it far from me, that I should spare my own life in any time of affliction, for I am not better than my kindred. However, I will take vengeance for my nation, for the sanctuary, and for our wives and children, because all the Gentiles have gathered out of hatred to destroy us.” The spirit of the people revived as soon as they heard these words. They answered with a loud voice, saying, “You are our leader in the place of Judas and Jonathan your brothers. Fight our battles, and we will do all that you tell us to do.” He gathered together all the men of war, and hurried to finish the walls of Jerusalem. He fortified it all around. He sent Jonathan the son of Absalom, and with him a great army, to Joppa. He threw out those who were in it, and lived there. Tryphon left Ptolemais with a mighty army to enter into the land of Judah, and Jonathan was with him under guard. But Simon encamped at Adida, near the plain. Tryphon knew that Simon had risen up in the place of his brother Jonathan, and meant to join battle with him, so he sent ambassadors to him, saying, “It is for money which Jonathan your brother owed to the king’s treasury, by reason of the offices which he had, that we are detaining him. Now send one hundred talents of silver and two of his sons for hostages, so that when he is released he may not revolt against us, and we will release him.” Simon knew that they spoke to him deceitfully, but he sent to get the money and the children, lest perhaps he would arouse great hostility among the people, who might say, “Because I didn’t send him the money and the children, he perished.” So he sent the children and the hundred talents, but Tryphon lied, and didn’t release Jonathan. After this, Tryphon came to invade the land and destroy it, and he went around by the way that leads to Adora. Simon and his army marched near him to every place, wherever he went. Now the people of the citadel sent to Tryphon ambassadors, urging him to come to them through the wilderness, and to send them food. So Tryphon prepared all his cavalry to come, but on that night a very heavy snow fell, and he didn’t come because of the snow. He marched off and went into the land of Gilead. When he came near to Bascama, he killed Jonathan, and he was buried there. Then Tryphon turned back, and went away into his own land. Simon sent, and took the bones of Jonathan his brother, and buried him at Modin, the city of his fathers. All Israel made great lamentation over him, and mourned for him many days. Simon built a monument on the tomb of his father and his kindred, and raised it high so that it could be seen, with polished stone on the front and back. He also set up seven pyramids, one near another, for his father, his mother, and his four brothers. For these, he made an elaborate setting, erecting great pillars around them, and upon the pillars he made suits of armor for a perpetual memorial, and beside the suits of armor, he carved ships, so that they could be seen by all who sail on the sea. This is the tomb which he made at Modin. It remains to this day. Now Tryphon deceived the young King Antiochus and killed him, and reigned in his place. He put on himself the crown of Asia and brought a great calamity upon the land. Simon built up the strongholds of Judea, and walled them all around with high towers, great walls, gates, and bars; and he stored food in the strongholds. Simon chose men, and sent to King Demetrius with a request that he grant the country an immunity, because all that Tryphon did was to plunder. King Demetrius sent to him according to these words, and answered him, and wrote a letter to him, as follows: “King Demetrius to Simon the high priest and friend of kings, and to the elders and nation of the Jews, greetings. The golden crown and the palm branch, which you sent, we have received. We are ready to make a steadfast peace with you, yes, and to write to our officers to release you from tribute. Whatever things we confirmed to you, they are confirmed. The strongholds, which you have built, let them be your own. As for any oversights and faults committed to this day, we forgive them, and the crown tax which you owed us. If there were any other tax collected in Jerusalem, let it be collected no longer. If any among you are qualified to be enrolled in our court, let them be enrolled, and let there be peace between us.” In the one hundred seventieth year, the yoke of the Gentiles was taken away from Israel. The people began to write in their instruments and contracts, “In the first year of Simon, the great high priest and captain and leader of the Jews.” In those days Simon encamped against Gazara, and surrounded it with troops. He made a siege engine, and brought it up to the city, and struck a tower, and captured it. Those who were in the engine leaped out into the city; and there was a great uproar in the city. The people of the city tore their clothes, and went up on the walls with their wives and children, and cried with a loud voice, asking Simon to give them his right hand. They said, “Don’t deal with us according to our wickednesses, but according to your mercy.” So Simon was reconciled to them, and didn’t fight against them; but he expelled them from the city and cleansed the houses where the idols were, and then entered into it with singing and giving praise. He removed all uncleanness out of it, and placed in it men who would keep the law, and made it stronger than it was before, and built a dwelling place for himself in it. But the people of the citadel in Jerusalem were hindered from going out and from going into the country, and from buying and selling. So they were very hungry, and a great number of them perished from famine. Then they cried out to Simon, that he should give them his right hand; and he gave it to them; but he expelled them from there, and he cleansed the citadel from its pollutions. He entered into it on the twenty-third day of the second month, in the one hundred seventy-first year, with praise and palm branches, with harps, with cymbals, and with stringed instruments, with hymns, and with songs, because a great enemy had been destroyed out of Israel. Simon ordained that they should keep that day every year with gladness. He made the hill of the temple that was by the citadel stronger than before, and he lived there with his men. Simon saw that his son John was a man, so he made him leader of all his forces; and he lived in Gazara.
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Notes · Haydock (1859, domaine public)Notes : 25
Notes en anglais Commentaire catholique du XIXᵉ siècle du P. George Leo Haydock, tel qu’il a été publié.
Ces notes gardent les polémiques de leur époque : certaines parlent durement du peuple juif ou d'autres chrétiens. L'Église enseigne autrement aujourd'hui. On ne peut imputer au peuple juif la mort du Christ (Nostra Aetate 4 ; Catéchisme 597–598), et les chrétiens des autres communautés sont nos frères dans le Seigneur (Unitatis Redintegratio 3). L'unité des chrétiens
1 Maccabées 13:1
Ver. 1. Simon, the fourth high priest and prince of his family, who was judged by his father to be the most prudent. C. ii. 65. He endeavoured to defend the nation. W.
↑ 11 Maccabées 13:11
Ver. 11. Jonathan, his friend, (Jos.) brother of Mathathias, mentioned C. xi. 70.
↑ 111 Maccabées 13:12
Ver. 12. Custody: tied to a soldier, like S. Paul. Acts xviii. 16.
↑ 121 Maccabées 13:13
Ver. 13. Plain; Sephala, (C. xii. 38.) above Eleutheropolis, by which road Jerusalem wa most easily attacked. C. vi. 31. C.
↑ 131 Maccabées 13:19
Ver. 19. Talents. If he had refused, he might have been suspected of avarice or of ambition. M.
--- Jonathan would most probably have been slain, and the people would have revolted. S. Tho.
W.
↑ 191 Maccabées 13:20
Ver. 20. Ador, called Adoraim, (2 Par. ii. 9.) near Marissa; or perhaps Eder, a southern city of Juda, may be meant. Tryphon attempted in vain to cross the mountains. C.
↑ 201 Maccabées 13:22
Ver. 22. But. Gr. "and that very night there was very much snow; and he came not on account of the snow; and he rose, and went into," &c. H. --- He gave this out, or intended to go, but went back along the Jordan.
↑ 221 Maccabées 13:23
Ver. 23. Bascama; perhaps Besech. 1 K. xi. 8. C.
↑ 231 Maccabées 13:28
Ver. 28. Pyramids. In such the kings of Egypt were buried. Lucan viii. 998. ---
Simon enclosed the pyramids with porticoes, supported by pillars all of one piece of marble. Josephus and S.
Jerom saw the sepulchres. C. --- One was probably designed by Simon for himself. H.
↑ 281 Maccabées 13:29
Ver. 29. Arms, to denote their victories or solicitude for the people's welfare both by sea and land. The Machabees had repaired the port of Joppe, by which they traded with the Mediterranean. C. x. 75. and xiv. 5. Trophies of arms, in reality or in sculpture, were commonly placed on the tombs of great generals.
Ezec. xxxii. 27. Virg. C. -- Simon promoted not vain but true glory, exciting others to imitate the virtuous. W. --- The humble desire honour in God; proud men will be honoured more than God. S. Aug. c. Secund. xvii. --- How many epitaphs record the ambition and vices of men! Those which praise real virtues extend the glory of God, who is the author of them all. W.
↑ 291 Maccabées 13:31
Ver. 31. Slew him. He hired surgeons to cut him, pretending it was for the stone. Epit. Liv. lv.
Just. xxxvi. --- Antiochus was only ten years old. A. 3861.
↑ 311 Maccabées 13:32
Ver. 32. Crown. The soldiers declared for him, in hopes of great rewards which he had promised. He assumed the name of Tryphon, "wearing a helmet," or
"addicted to pleasure." His medals have always a helmet; and the tyrant styles himself, (C.) "king Tryphon, the autocrat,"
(H.) or generalissimo. He sent a golden statue of victory to Rome, but the senate inscribed the name of the young Antiochus upon it. The first conquest of Tryphon was Apamea, where he was born.
↑ 321 Maccabées 13:34
Ver. 34. Demetrius, who still possessed a great part of Syria. Jonathas adhered to his competitor.
But Simon preferred him before Tryphon, on condition that he granted the immunities which Soter had promised. C. x. 29.
↑ 341 Maccabées 13:37
Ver. 37. Palm; bahem, "a precious chain." W. --- Gr. bainen, which Grotius thinks is derived from bais, a palm branch. C. John xii. 13. --- It was probably of gold, (M.) like that offered by Alcimus. 2 B. xiv. 4. Some suppose that a collar or garment, adorned with gold and representations of palm branches, may be meant; such as that which was presented by the Romans to Masinissa.
Livy iii. B. x. --- Syriac translates, "a robe."
↑ 371 Maccabées 13:38
Ver. 38. Force. He grants all Simon's requests, which he had offered to do at the beginning of his reign. C. xi. 37.
↑ 381 Maccabées 13:39
Ver. 39. Oversight. All sins in some sense proceed from ignorance.
↑ 391 Maccabées 13:41
Ver. 41. Israel, A. 3861, B.C. 143. C. --- Thus, after a hard struggle, the independence of the Jews was acknowledged. H.
↑ 411 Maccabées 13:42
Ver. 42. Public. Gr. "contracts." M. --- This became a new era. H.
↑ 421 Maccabées 13:43
Ver. 43. Gaza. It had revolted. C. xi. 61. --- Engines. Gr. ελεπο λεις, denoting engines of a great size, invented by Demetrius at the siege of Rhodes, who was thence styled "the city taker."
C. --- Its top was covered with mortar, (Marcellin xxiii. 9.) and the sides with raw hides and iron bars, so that fire or stones made no impression upon it, while people within moved it to batter the walls by means of wheels. When a breach was made, they jumped into the city, v. 44. See Vitruv.
x. 22.
↑ 431 Maccabées 13:47
Ver. 47. Idols, of a domestic kind. The city had been assigned to Juda, and must be purified.
Jos. xv. 47. Deut. vii. 25. C. --- Mercy is most pleasing to God and men, provided justice and religion be not injured. W.
↑ 471 Maccabées 13:48
Ver. 48. Habitation sometimes, to guard against Egypt.
↑ 481 Maccabées 13:50
Ver. 50. Castle. It had been occupied by the Syrians, from A. 3836 to 3861.
↑ 501 Maccabées 13:52
Ver. 52. Days; the octave, or the 23rd of the second month, annually. H. --- This was like one of the days appointed. C. x. 34. The festival was observed perhaps only during his reign. Josephus takes no notice of it: but informs us (C.) that Simon reflecting on the miseries inflicted on the city by this castle, and fearing lest it should fall again into the hands of the enemy, advised the people to level it to the ground; which they did in the space of three years. Ant.
xiii. 11. They did not commence immediately, as Sidetes reclaimed it three years hence. C.
↑ 521 Maccabées 13:53
Ver. 53. Fortified. This work employed them six years. Jos.
↑ 531 Maccabées 13:54
Ver. 54. John. Hyrcan, who defended the country, (C. xvi. W.) and succeeded Simon. ---
Gazara; perhaps Gadara, (C.) which the Jews seized, (Strabo xvi.) or Gaza. M.
↑ 54Licence: Notes by Fr. George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), from the Douay-Rheims Bible with Haydock's commentary (first ed. Thomas Haydock, Manchester/Dublin, 1811–1814; New York: Edward Dunigan & Brother, 1859); New Testament notes compiled with Fr. Benedict Rayment. Public domain. Digital text: "The Haydock Bible", Internet Archive (archive.org/details/TheHaydockBible), uploaded 2011 under the Public Domain Mark. · Crédits et licences