Exodus · WEB-C
Exodus
22
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“If a man steals an ox or a sheep, and kills it or sells it, he shall pay five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep. See also: 2 Samuel 12:6Luke 19:8Proverbs 6:31If the thief is found breaking in, and is struck so that he dies, there shall be no guilt of bloodshed for him. See also: Matthew 24:43Matthew 6:19-20Numbers 35:27If the sun has risen on him, he is guilty of bloodshed. He shall make restitution. If he has nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft. See also: Exodus 21:2Judges 2:14Matthew 18:25If the stolen property is found in his hand alive, whether it is ox, donkey, or sheep, he shall pay double. See also: Exodus 22:1Exodus 22:7Exodus 21:16“If a man causes a field or vineyard to be eaten by letting his animal loose, and it grazes in another man’s field, he shall make restitution from the best of his own field, and from the best of his own vineyard. See also: Exodus 21:34Exodus 22:3Job 20:18“If fire breaks out, and catches in thorns so that the shocks of grain, or the standing grain, or the field are consumed; he who kindled the fire shall surely make restitution. See also: Exodus 22:92 Samuel 14:30-31Exodus 21:33-34“If a man delivers to his neighbor money or stuff to keep, and it is stolen out of the man’s house, if the thief is found, he shall pay double. See also: Exodus 22:4Proverbs 6:30-31If the thief isn’t found, then the master of the house shall come near to God, to find out whether or not he has put his hand on his neighbor’s goods. See also: Exodus 22:28Exodus 21:6Deuteronomy 16:18For every matter of trespass, whether it is for ox, for donkey, for sheep, for clothing, or for any kind of lost thing, about which one says, ‘This is mine,’ the cause of both parties shall come before God. He whom God condemns shall pay double to his neighbor. See also: Deuteronomy 25:1Numbers 5:6-7Exodus 22:4“If a man delivers to his neighbor a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any animal to keep, and it dies or is injured, or driven away, no man seeing it; See also: Luke 12:48Genesis 39:8Luke 16:11the oath of the LORD shall be between them both, he has not put his hand on his neighbor’s goods; and its owner shall accept it, and he shall not make restitution. See also: Hebrews 6:16Proverbs 30:9Leviticus 6:3But if it is stolen from him, the one who stole shall make restitution to its owner. See also: Genesis 31:39Exodus 22:7If it is torn in pieces, let him bring it for evidence. He shall not make good that which was torn. See also: Micah 5:8Ezekiel 4:14Amos 3:12“If a man borrows anything of his neighbor’s, and it is injured, or dies, its owner not being with it, he shall surely make restitution. See also: Deuteronomy 23:19-20Luke 6:35Exodus 21:34If its owner is with it, he shall not make it good. If it is a leased thing, it came for its lease. See also: Zechariah 8:10“If a man entices a virgin who isn’t pledged to be married, and lies with her, he shall surely pay a dowry for her to be his wife. See also: Deuteronomy 22:28-29Genesis 34:2-4If her father utterly refuses to give her to him, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins. See also: Genesis 34:121 Samuel 18:25Deuteronomy 7:3-4“You shall not allow a sorceress to live. See also: Leviticus 20:27Deuteronomy 18:10-111 Samuel 28:3“Whoever has sex with an animal shall surely be put to death. See also: Deuteronomy 27:21Leviticus 18:23Leviticus 20:15-16“He who sacrifices to any god, except to the LORD only, shall be utterly destroyed. See also: Deuteronomy 17:2-5Deuteronomy 18:20Numbers 25:7-8“You shall not wrong an alien or oppress him, for you were aliens in the land of Egypt. See also: Exodus 23:9Deuteronomy 10:19Leviticus 19:33“You shall not take advantage of any widow or fatherless child. See also: Deuteronomy 24:17Isaiah 1:17Isaiah 1:23If you take advantage of them at all, and they cry at all to me, I will surely hear their cry; See also: Psalms 18:6Psalms 10:17-18Luke 18:7and my wrath will grow hot, and I will kill you with the sword; and your wives shall be widows, and your children fatherless. See also: Psalms 109:9Jeremiah 15:8Psalms 90:11“If you lend money to any of my people with you who is poor, you shall not be to him as a creditor. You shall not charge him interest. See also: Leviticus 25:35-37Psalms 15:5Deuteronomy 23:19-20If you take your neighbor’s garment as collateral, you shall restore it to him before the sun goes down, See also: Proverbs 20:16Amos 2:8Deuteronomy 24:6for that is his only covering, it is his garment for his skin. What would he sleep in? It will happen, when he cries to me, that I will hear, for I am gracious. See also: Exodus 34:6Psalms 86:152 Chronicles 30:9“You shall not blaspheme God, nor curse a ruler of your people. See also: Acts 23:5Ecclesiastes 10:20Jude 1:8“You shall not delay to offer from your harvest and from the outflow of your presses. “You shall give the firstborn of your sons to me. See also: Exodus 23:16Exodus 13:2Exodus 23:19You shall do likewise with your cattle and with your sheep. It shall be with its mother seven days, then on the eighth day you shall give it to me. See also: Leviticus 22:27Deuteronomy 15:19Leviticus 12:3“You shall be holy men to me, therefore you shall not eat any meat that is torn by animals in the field. You shall cast it to the dogs. See also: Ezekiel 4:14Leviticus 19:2Leviticus 22:8
See also: Cross references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), derived in part from the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
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Notes · Haydock (1859, public domain)18 notes
Notes in English 19th-century Catholic commentary by Fr. George Leo Haydock, shown as published.
These notes keep the polemics of their time: some speak harshly of the Jewish people or of other Christians. The Church teaches otherwise today. The Jewish people may not be blamed for the death of Christ (Nostra Aetate 4; Catechism 597–598), and Christians of other communities are our brothers and sisters in the Lord (Unitatis Redintegratio 3). Christian unity
Exodus 22:1
Ver. 1. Five oxen; because they are of greater value than sheep. Theodor. --- As these things may easily be stolen, a heavier fine is imposed than on those who steal money. The Scythians punish theft with the utmost severity. Grot. --- All these punishments, till the 25th chapter, were inflicted by the judge. T.
↑ 1Exodus 22:2
Ver. 2. Blood. The reason is, because it could not easily be known whether the thief had not a design upon the life of the people in the house; and therefore, the law gave them authority to defend themselves. But they were not authorized to kill the thief designedly. the laws of Athens and of Rome, permitted nocturnal robbers to be slain, at least when they came armed. Plato de leg. ix. &c. To defend our goods or honour, by killing the aggressor, is contrary to justice and reason. C.
↑ 2Exodus 22:4
Ver. 4. Double. This is an exception from the general law, v. 1, (C.) because he can more easily make restitution, as he has not sold or destroyed the thing. D.
↑ 4Exodus 22:8
Ver. 8. Gods. "In the presence of the Lord." Sept.
↑ 8Exodus 22:9
Ver. 9. Damage. Heb. "thing lost, which another challengeth.…and whom the judges condemn, he," &c. If the person who had deposited a thing, pretended that the one produced was not the same, or not equally good, and failed in proving the charge, he was liable to pay double its value.
C.
↑ 9Exodus 22:12
Ver. 12. Stealth, of the person to whom it was entrusted, or by his connivance, as the Hebrew mamu, ( de cum eo) "from with him," intimates. M.
↑ 12Exodus 22:13
Ver. 13. Slain. Or any part of its mangled remains, in proof of his assertion. Syr.
↑ 13Exodus 22:14
Ver. 14. Restitution. It is to be presumed he was guilty of some negligence. C.
↑ 14Exodus 22:15
Ver. 15. Especially, &c. This is a third case, in which the person who lends, suffers all the loss, in consideration of the money which he had received.
Others explain, "If he be a hired servant, he shall pay out of his wages." Syr.
Grotius.
↑ 15Exodus 22:17
Ver. 17. Money. Fifty sicles, as it is expressed, Deut. xxi. 29. If the maid were of high birth, the magistrates might inflict other punishments on the seducer.
↑ 17Exodus 22:18
Ver. 18. Wizards. Heb. "a witch." Women are more given to such delusions, which imply an apostacy from God to serve the devil, and disturb the republic.
↑ 18Exodus 22:20
Ver. 20. Death. Heb. "shall be anathema," ( erom) which denotes utter destruction both of the person and of his goods. Jonat. 1 K. xv. 3.
↑ 20Exodus 22:21
Ver. 21. Were strangers. The Celtes punished with death the murderer of a stranger, which they only banished him who murdered a citizen. C.
↑ 21Exodus 22:24
Ver. 24. Fatherless. Thus God will retaliate upon the oppressors of the poor. H.
↑ 24Exodus 22:25
This 19th-century note uses polemical language; read it in the light of the note at the top of this panel.
Ver. 25. Poor. Such are often most in want. Usury is not lawful, even with respect to the rich.
The Heb. terms it a bite. M. --- "What is usury, said Cato, but to kill a man." The Romans required thieves to restore double, but usurers were to render four times as much as they had taken. Varro Rustic. i. --- Restitution is prescribed, 2
Esd. v. 11. Some Calvinists have stood up in its defence, in opposition to the Scriptures, fathers, and Councils of the Catholic Church.
Lend, hoping to gain nothing by it. Lu. vi. 35. "Let him who loves money,...lend (in the persons of the poor) to Him who says, Give, and it shall be given to you.
" S. Leo ser. The Jews themselves have reprobated usury in any use. C.
↑ 25Exodus 22:28
Ver. 28. Gods. Judges, priests, &c. Josephus and Philo say, we must not speak ill of strange gods, lest the Gentiles should take occasion to blaspheme the true God, and that we may be farther removed from the danger of taking the name of God in vain, and losing that respect which we owe to it.
↑ 28Exodus 22:29
Ver. 29. Tithes. Heb. "thy plentitude, (first-fruits and tithes) and thy tears;" (or liquors distilled from odoriferous trees) in a word, all that is most excellent.
Censorinus (de die nat.) says, excellently well: "They who acknowledged that they had received food, a country, light, and even their very persons, from the bounty of the gods, failed not to consecrate a part of all to the gods,...to the temples and chapels, where they worshipped them." C.
↑ 29Exodus 22:31
Ver. 31. Beasts. "Wild beasts." Sept. --- This was to encourage humanity.
Theodoret.
↑ 31License: Notes by Fr. George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), from the Douay-Rheims Bible with Haydock's commentary (first ed. Thomas Haydock, Manchester/Dublin, 1811–1814; New York: Edward Dunigan & Brother, 1859); New Testament notes compiled with Fr. Benedict Rayment. Public domain. Digital text: "The Haydock Bible", Internet Archive (archive.org/details/TheHaydockBible), uploaded 2011 under the Public Domain Mark. · Credits and licenses