3 Царств

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Ver. 1. Do, regarding those buildings. Paral. M.

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Ver. 2. Gabaon; that is, "during the night." 2 Par. vii. 12. God had spoken to Solomon, by a prophet, while he was building the temple; (C. vi. 11. H.) unless that passage relate to the same time as that which is here recorded more in detail, and took place in the night, after Solomon had poured forth his most solemn prayer. C. --- Others think that God deferred answering his petition for thirteen years, till Solomon was on the point of falling off from the observance of piety, that so he might be restrained more effectually. Salien, A.C. 1011. ---

Fire from heaven had sufficiently signified that his former request had been granted. M. --- The context shews that the admonition was not sent till the palace was finished, (v. 1 and 10.) in the 23rd year of Solomon.

Salien.

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Ver. 4. Simplicity of heart. That is, in the sincerity and integrity of a single heart, as opposite to all double-dealing and deceit. Ch. --- External worship alone will not be acceptable. W. --- "God is worshipped by faith, hope, and charity." S. Aug. Ench. iii.

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Ver. 6. But if. This threat had been denounced by Moses, (Deut. xxix. 24.) and was repeated by Jeremias, (xxii. 8.) when it was on the point of being put in execution. M.

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Ver. 7. Take away, by death or exile. H. --- Sight. God is disposed to grant favours to those who approach his temples with piety. If they indulge their passions, he will suffer these holy places to be profaned, as a dreadful warning of his displeasure. The Jews enjoyed prosperity while they continued faithful. On their revolt, the ark was taken, the temple pillaged by Sesac, burnt by Nabuchodonosor, profaned by Antiochus, and destroyed by the Romans. C.

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Ver. 8. Example. Heb. "at this house, on high," (or dedicated "to the most high;" Paral.) "every,"

&c. H. --- It shall be treated with no more regard than the high places of idols.

C. --- Though at present so much exalted, it shall be reduced to a heap of ruins, (Vatab.) and destroyed. Chal.

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Ver. 11. Galilee, the higher, which was nearer to the sea and the confines of Tyre; (M.) or rather the lower Galilee lay in this direction. C. --- This was not a part of the country allotted to Israel, (Jos. xix. 27.) but had been conquered: as Hiram gave the cities back, 2 Par. viii. 2. Solomon caused them to be rebuilt, and peopled by the Israelites. Grot. --- If they had formed a part of his dominions before, he would not have had to send a colony thither. C. --- Others think that he only ceded that country for a time to Hiram, till he should be indemnified. Abul. Tostat. M. T.

W. --- The country belonged to the Lord, (Lev. xxv. 13.) and could not be given away by the prince. In case it had been occupied by strangers, Solomon would have taken care that the Israelites should have the free exercise of their religion. But as Hiram rejected his offer, he would make him recompense by some other means; (C.) in ready money, v. 14. Joseph. T.

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Ver. 13. Brother. By this title the eastern kings addressed each other. C. xx. 32.

1 Mac. x. 18.

and xi. 30. Solomon and Hiram always lived on good terms. C. --- Chabul: that is, dirty or displeasing. Ch. --- The latter signification is given by Josephus, from the Phœnician language.

H. --- The real meaning is uncertain. Some with the last mentioned author, place these cities in the vicinity of Tyre, south of Ptolemais, which is most probable; though S. Jerom says they were in the land of Basan, beyond the Jordan. C.

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Ver. 15. Offered, or paid back to Hiram, for what he had lent. T. --- Heb. "And this is the reason of the levy (or tribute) which king Solomon imposed, in order to build," &c. H. --- We have seen that Adoniram was at the head of this department. C. v. 14. The people bore these burdens with patience, till the works of Mello gave Jeroboam an occasion of stirring them up to rebellion. C.

xi.

27. Mello was a palace, fortification, (C.) or bridge, erected in the vale, (Salien) from the palace to the temple, (M.) lying between Sion and the old Jerusalem.

David had begun to build here, and Solomon perfected the works. Ezechias repaired the wall, 2 Par. xxxii. 5. In this palace Joas was slain. 4 K. xii. 20. C. ---

Heser, or Asor. Jos. xv. 23. and xix. 36. H. --- There was a town of this name in the tribe of Juda, and another in that of Nephthali. --- Gazer had been taken by Josue, but the Chanaanites had again made themselves masters of it.

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Ver. 16. Wife. This custom distinguished princes from common people, who paid a dowry to their intended bride. 2 Mac. i. 14. Philadelphus gave hid daughter Bernice to Antiochus, of Syria, with an immense dowry, which caused her to be styled Phernophorus. The influence of these royal wives was more extensive than that of others of meaner birth, as we find in the daughter of Pharao, Jezabel, Athalia, &c. C.

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Ver. 17. Nether, in the tribe of Benjamin. 2 Paral. (viii. 5.) adds, the upper, which was a town of Ephraim. M.

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Ver. 18. Baalath. There were several towns of this name. Jos. xix. 44. C. ---

Palmira. Heb.

Tamor, "a palm-tree." C. --- But the d is preserved in the margin, as well as in some MSS. and in the ancient versions; and is read, Tadmor, in Chronicles.

Kennicott. --- Prot. have also, "Tadmor, in the wilderness, in the land." H. --- Le Clerc adds, "of Aram," or Syria of Soba. 2 Par. viii. 3, 4.

Palmira, famous for its water and fertile soil, was the boundary of the Roman and Parthian empires, (Plin. v. 25.) surrounded on all sides by vast deserts, and built by Solomon for the advantage of travellers, a day's journey from the Euphrates. Joseph. viii. 6. --- Superb ruins are still to be seen, and various pagan inscriptions, in Greek. There are others in an unknown language, which might relate to the Jewish or Christian affairs. See Phil. Transac. Oct. 1695.

Brun. --- The city was destroyed by the emperor Aurelian. C.

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Ver. 19. That...himself. Heb. "of store;" or to keep his treasures. H. --- Lit. "of indigence,"

designed to counteract the effects of famine. Pharao obliged the Israelites to build such cities for him, (Ex. i. 11.) which are called cities of tabernacles. The word miscenoth is here rendered, were not walled. --- Chariots. See C. iv. 26. C.

--- Libanus, the temple, (S. Jer. Trad.) or the palace. Sa. --- But these were both in Jerusalem. H. --- Solomon built a great deal at the foot of Libanus, (Salien) as the defile was of great importance. We read of the tower of Libanus, Cant.

vii. 4. Travellers mention its ruins. Gabriel. Sionita. p. 6.

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Ver. 21. Day. After the captivity, some were found who had perhaps come from Phœnicia. 1

Esd. ix. 1. Solomon reduced the natives of the country to the most abject condition, forcing them to work like slaves. Joseph. viii. 6. --- Heb. "upon those, Solomon imposed a tribute of bond-service, until this day." H. --- Esdras (1 C. ii. 58) calls them who returned from captivity, the children of the servants of Solomon, 392. Their fathers were probably styled proselytes; and were in number, 153,600. See 1 Par. xxii. 2. and 2 Par. ii. 17. C.

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Ver. 22. Bondmen. Par. To serve in the king's works; for they were warriors, &c.

The natural subjects performed the more honourable offices. H. --- Strangers pay tribute. Matt. xvii. 24.

Sesostris, king of Egypt, caused many temples to be erected after his expeditions, with this inscription: "No native laboured on them." Diodorus i.

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Ver. 23. Officers of the crown. There were 250 over the army, (Paral.) or 3,300, (3,600, Par.) including those who presided over the proselytes. C. v. 16. C. ---

These are employed while the temple was building. M.

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Ver. 24. Mello, taking it from the public, and adorning it with the most beautiful structures, for the honour and convenience of his queen. T.

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Ver. 25. Year, at the three great festivals, with peculiar solemnity, (C.) as well as holocausts every day, and on the sabbaths and new moons. 2 Paral. viii. 13.

See ib. xxxi. 3. C. --- He established funds for all these victims. M.

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Ver. 26. Fleet. Some ancient Latin editions have, (H.) "a name," or monument.

W. --- Ailath, to the east. See Num. xxxiii. 13.

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Ver. 27. Fleet, from Tyre, (C.) or from the island of the same name, in the Red Sea. Grotius.

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Ver. 28. Ophir, in the East Indies; (M.) an island called Taprobana, or Sumatra; (Salien) or a country near the heads of the Euphrates and Tigris. C. Dissert. ---

The variety of opinions is astonishing. Huet fixes upon Sophola, on the eastern coast of Africa; and supposes that the fleet of Hiram might proceed down a canal, which seems to have been formerly opened for a communication between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. Strabo i. 17. and ii. D. --- The various commodities might be procured either in Africa, or, on the voyage, in other countries. H.

--- Twenty. Par. reads fifty. The letter c (20) and n (50) may easily have been mistaken. Huet. ---

The thirty talents might be the value of other parts of the cargo, or might be spent in repairs and wages. C. --- The sum here mentioned might be also refined gold. M.