الخروج · AVD
الخروج
33
نص الكتاب المقدسصوت اصطناعي (ذكاء اصطناعي)
وَقَالَ ٱلرَّبُّ لِمُوسَى: «ٱذْهَبِ ٱصْعَدْ مِنْ هُنَا أَنْتَ وَٱلشَّعْبُ ٱلَّذِي أَصْعَدْتَهُ مِنْ أَرْضِ مِصْرَ إِلَى ٱلْأَرْضِ ٱلَّتِي حَلَفْتُ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ قَائِلًا: لِنَسْلِكَ أُعْطِيهَا. انظر أيضًا: التكوين 12:7الخروج 32:13التكوين 26:3وَأَنَا أُرْسِلُ أَمَامَكَ مَلَاكًا، وَأَطْرُدُ ٱلْكَنْعَانِيِّينَ وَٱلْأَمُورِيِّينَ وَٱلْحِثِّيِّينَ وَٱلْفِرِزِّيِّينَ وَٱلْحِوِّيِّينَ وَٱلْيَبُوسِيِّينَ. انظر أيضًا: يشوع 24:11الخروج 32:34الخروج 3:8إِلَى أَرْضٍ تَفِيضُ لَبَنًا وَعَسَلًا. فَإِنِّي لَا أَصْعَدُ فِي وَسَطِكَ لِأَنَّكَ شَعْبٌ صُلْبُ ٱلرَّقَبَةِ، لِئَلَّا أُفْنِيَكَ فِي ٱلطَّرِيقِ». انظر أيضًا: الخروج 32:9-10أعمال الرسل 7:51التثنية 9:6-13فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ ٱلشَّعْبُ هَذَا ٱلْكَلَامَ ٱلسُّوءَ نَاحُوا وَلَمْ يَضَعْ أَحَدٌ زِينَتَهُ عَلَيْهِ. انظر أيضًا: العدد 14:39حزقيال 26:16اللاويين 10:6وَكَانَ ٱلرَّبُّ قَدْ قَالَ لِمُوسَى: «قُلْ لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ: أَنْتُمْ شَعْبٌ صُلْبُ ٱلرَّقَبَةِ. إِنْ صَعِدْتُ لَحْظَةً وَاحِدَةً فِي وَسَطِكُمْ أَفْنَيْتُكُمْ. وَلَكِنِ ٱلْآنَ ٱخْلَعْ زِينَتَكَ عَنْكَ فَأَعْلَمَ مَاذَا أَصْنَعُ بِكَ». انظر أيضًا: الخروج 33:3-4التثنية 8:2العدد 16:21فَنَزَعَ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ زِينَتَهُمْ مِنْ جَبَلِ حُورِيبَ. انظر أيضًا: الخروج 33:4إرميا 2:19الخروج 32:3وَأَخَذَ مُوسَى ٱلْخَيْمَةَ وَنَصَبَهَا لَهُ خَارِجَ ٱلْمَحَلَّةِ، بَعِيدًا عَنِ ٱلْمَحَلَّةِ، وَدَعَاهَا «خَيْمَةَ ٱلِٱجْتِمَاعِ». فَكَانَ كُلُّ مَنْ يَطْلُبُ ٱلرَّبَّ يَخْرُجُ إِلَى خَيْمَةِ ٱلِٱجْتِمَاعِ ٱلَّتِي خَارِجَ ٱلْمَحَلَّةِ. انظر أيضًا: إشعياء 55:6-7الأمثال 15:29الخروج 29:42-43وَكَانَ جَمِيعُ ٱلشَّعْبِ إِذَا خَرَجَ مُوسَى إِلَى ٱلْخَيْمَةِ يَقُومُونَ وَيَقِفُونَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ فِي بَابِ خَيْمَتِهِ وَيَنْظُرُونَ وَرَاءَ مُوسَى حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ ٱلْخَيْمَةَ. انظر أيضًا: العدد 16:27وَكَانَ عَمُودُ ٱلسَّحَابِ إِذَا دَخَلَ مُوسَى ٱلْخَيْمَةَ، يَنْزِلُ وَيَقِفُ عِنْدَ بَابِ ٱلْخَيْمَةِ. وَيَتَكَلَّمُ ٱلرَّبُّ مَعَ مُوسَى. انظر أيضًا: المزامير 99:7التكوين 18:33الخروج 31:18فَيَرَى جَمِيعُ ٱلشَّعْبِ عَمُودَ ٱلسَّحَابِ، وَاقِفًا عِنْدَ بَابِ ٱلْخَيْمَةِ، وَيَقُومُ كُلُّ ٱلشَّعْبِ وَيَسْجُدُونَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ فِي بَابِ خَيْمَتِهِ. انظر أيضًا: الخروج 4:31الملوك الأول 8:22لوقا 18:13وَيُكَلِّمُ ٱلرَّبُّ مُوسَى وَجْهًا لِوَجْهٍ، كَمَا يُكَلِّمُ ٱلرَّجُلُ صَاحِبَهُ. وَإِذَا رَجَعَ مُوسَى إِلَى ٱلْمَحَلَّةِ كَانَ خَادِمُهُ يَشُوعُ بْنُ نُونَ ٱلْغُلَامُ، لَا يَبْرَحُ مِنْ دَاخِلِ ٱلْخَيْمَةِ. انظر أيضًا: العدد 12:8التثنية 34:10الخروج 24:13وَقَالَ مُوسَى لِلرَّبِّ: «ٱنْظُرْ. أَنْتَ قَائِلٌ لِي: أَصْعِدْ هَذَا ٱلشَّعْبَ، وَأَنْتَ لَمْ تُعَرِّفْنِي مَنْ تُرْسِلُ مَعِي. وَأَنْتَ قَدْ قُلْتَ: عَرَفْتُكَ بِٱسْمِكَ، وَوَجَدْتَ أَيْضًا نِعْمَةً فِي عَيْنَيَّ. انظر أيضًا: الخروج 33:17يوحنا 10:14-15تيموثاوس الثانية 2:19فَٱلْآنَ إِنْ كُنْتُ قَدْ وَجَدْتُ نِعْمَةً فِي عَيْنَيْكَ فَعَلِّمْنِي طَرِيقَكَ حَتَّى أَعْرِفَكَ لِكَيْ أَجِدَ نِعْمَةً فِي عَيْنَيْكَ. وَٱنْظُرْ أَنَّ هَذِهِ ٱلْأُمَّةَ شَعْبُكَ». انظر أيضًا: المزامير 119:33المزامير 25:4المزامير 27:11فَقَالَ: «وَجْهِي يَسِيرُ فَأُرِيحُكَ». انظر أيضًا: متى 11:28يشوع 21:44يشوع 1:5فَقَالَ لَهُ: «إِنْ لَمْ يَسِرْ وَجْهُكَ فَلَا تُصْعِدْنَا مِنْ هَهُنَا، انظر أيضًا: الخروج 34:9المزامير 4:6الخروج 33:3فَإِنَّهُ بِمَاذَا يُعْلَمُ أَنِّي وَجَدْتُ نِعْمَةً فِي عَيْنَيْكَ أَنَا وَشَعْبُكَ؟ أَلَيْسَ بِمَسِيرِكَ مَعَنَا؟ فَنَمْتَازَ أَنَا وَشَعْبُكَ عَنْ جَمِيعِ ٱلشُّعُوبِ ٱلَّذِينَ عَلَى وَجْهِ ٱلْأَرْضِ». انظر أيضًا: التثنية 4:7العدد 14:14متى 1:23فَقَالَ ٱلرَّبُّ لِمُوسَى: «هَذَا ٱلْأَمْرُ أَيْضًا ٱلَّذِي تَكَلَّمْتَ عَنْهُ أَفْعَلُهُ، لِأَنَّكَ وَجَدْتَ نِعْمَةً فِي عَيْنَيَّ، وَعَرَفْتُكَ بِٱسْمِكَ». انظر أيضًا: إشعياء 65:24يوحنا الأولى 5:14-15الخروج 33:12فَقَالَ: «أَرِنِي مَجْدَكَ». انظر أيضًا: الرؤيا 21:23تيطس 2:13الخروج 33:20فَقَالَ: «أُجِيزُ كُلَّ جُودَتِي قُدَّامَكَ. وَأُنَادِي بِٱسْمِ ٱلرَّبِّ قُدَّامَكَ. وَأَتَرَاءَفُ عَلَى مَنْ أَتَرَاءَفُ، وَأَرْحَمُ مَنْ أَرْحَمُ». انظر أيضًا: رومية 9:15-18أفسس 1:6-8إرميا 31:14وَقَالَ: «لَا تَقْدِرُ أَنْ تَرَى وَجْهِي، لِأَنَّ ٱلْإِنْسَانَ لَا يَرَانِي وَيَعِيشُ». انظر أيضًا: يوحنا 1:18التكوين 32:30تيموثاوس الأولى 6:16وَقَالَ ٱلرَّبُّ: «هُوَذَا عِنْدِي مَكَانٌ، فَتَقِفُ عَلَى ٱلصَّخْرَةِ. انظر أيضًا: زكريا 3:7التثنية 5:31يشوع 20:4وَيَكُونُ مَتَى ٱجْتَازَ مَجْدِي، أَنِّي أَضَعُكَ فِي نُقْرَةٍ مِنَ ٱلصَّخْرَةِ، وَأَسْتُرُكَ بِيَدِي حَتَّى أَجْتَازَ. انظر أيضًا: المزامير 91:1المزامير 91:4إشعياء 2:21ثُمَّ أَرْفَعُ يَدِي فَتَنْظُرُ وَرَائِي، وَأَمَّا وَجْهِي فَلَا يُرَى». انظر أيضًا: الخروج 33:20يوحنا 1:18كورنثوس الأولى 13:12
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ملاحظات · هايدوك (1859، ملك عام)18 ملاحظة
الملاحظات بالإنجليزية تفسير كاثوليكي من القرن التاسع عشر للأب جورج ليو هايدوك، كما نُشر.
تحتفظ هذه الحواشي بجدالات عصرها: بعضها يتحدث بقسوة عن الشعب اليهودي أو عن مسيحيين آخرين. والكنيسة تعلّم اليوم غير ذلك: لا يجوز تحميل الشعب اليهودي مسؤولية موت المسيح (في عصرنا 4؛ التعليم المسيحي 597–598)، والمسيحيون في الجماعات الأخرى إخوتنا وأخواتنا في الرب (إعادة الوحدة 3). وحدة المسيحيين
الخروج 33:1
Ver. 1. This place. Mount Sinai, (M.) or the tabernacle, v. 7. C.
↑ 1الخروج 33:3
Ver. 3. I will not go: "in majesty" (Chal.) and "brightness," Arab. The angel shall go in his own name, and shall not perform such great miracles. My tabernacle shall be removed to a respectful distance, lest, not being able to endure the barefaced impiety of the people, I slay you in my fury.
God addresses Moses, as the representative of the nation, (M.) and adopts the language of men, appearing as a king, who cannot bear to be insulted to his face. H.
↑ 3الخروج 33:4
Ver. 4. Ornaments. Chal. and Syr. "arms." They had brought jewels, &c. out of Egypt. M.
↑ 4الخروج 33:5
Ver. 5. Once, &c. "In a moment." Pagnin. --- Shall destroy, if you prove rebellious any more, as I foresee you will. --- Lay aside, as you have done. ---
To thee, according to the measure of your repentance or negligence. M.
↑ 5الخروج 33:6
Ver. 6. By Horeb, or at the foot of the mount. Some think they put them on no more in the wilderness; (C.) or at least till they had obtained the tables of the law again, in testimony of God's reconciliation with them. Salien.
↑ 6الخروج 33:7
Ver. 7. Tabernacle: not that which God had described, which was set up later, (C. xl.) but one destined for public and private prayer. M. --- Afar, a thousand yards. Thalmud and Villet. ---
Covenant; or alliance, which God had entered into with the people. T. --- The Heb. may signify,
"of the assembly or congregation," because there the people met to hear the divine doctrine explained, and to offer up their prayers. --- Camp. Thus were the people reminded of their excommunication, or separation, from the God whom they had so wantonly abandoned, and whose protection and presence were their only support and comfort. H. --- The record of the covenant was also probably torn, as Moses was ordered to write it again. C. xxxiv. 27. T.
↑ 7الخروج 33:8
Ver. 8. Rose up, out of respect to their prince, who was not their mediator also.
H.
↑ 8الخروج 33:9
Ver. 9. He spoke. The angel, conducting the pillar, spoke in God's name. M.
↑ 9الخروج 33:10
Ver. 10. And worshipped. This the Samaritan copy omits. The people bowed towards Moses and the angel. C.
↑ 10الخروج 33:11
Ver. 11. Face to face. That is, in a most familiar manner. Though, as we learn from this very chapter, Moses could not see the face of the Lord. Ch. --- The angel assumed a human form, (M.) which Moses knew could not fully display the majesty of God; and hence he begs to see his face, or his glory, (v. 13. 18,) which God declares is impossible for any mortal to do, v. 20. H. --- He addresses him, however, with unusual condescension, and speaks to him without any ambiguity,
"without any medium," as the Arab. expresses it. Other prophets were instructed by visions, and were filled with terror. Dan. x. 8. --- Young man, though 50 years old, and the general who defeated the Amalecites. C. xvii. 13.
Puer means a servant also, in which capacity Josue waited on Moses, and was alone allowed to be present with him in the tabernacle. He did not sleep there, (C.) but guarded it from all profanation. Some say he was still called young, because he was unmarried; in which sense the Chal. styles him hullema, which corresponds with the Heb.
halma, a virgin. Serarius. T.
↑ 11الخروج 33:12
Ver. 12. To the Lord. This conversation probably took place on Mount Horeb, (v.
22,) after God had threatened that he would not go up with the people. C. xxxii.
34. And here (v. 3,) Moses, considering that God would thus withdraw his special providence from his people, begins to expostulate with him; and first, having mentioned with gratitude, the repeated kindnesses of God towards himself, he begs to be informed what angel shall accompany him, and then proceeds to beg that God would still shew his wonted favour to the penitent Hebrews, and conduct them himself, as he had done before the transgression.
We do not read before, that God said to Moses, I know thee by name; (S. Aug.
q. 193,) but he had used that expression in some conversation with him, as he did afterwards, v. 17. H.
↑ 12الخروج 33:13
Ver. 13. Face. Heb. "way." Be thou our guide. --- Thy people. Acknowledge them again.
Moses begs not for any special favour for himself, but only for the Hebrews.
Salien.
↑ 13الخروج 33:14
Ver. 14. Face. Arab. "light." Syr. "walk in my presence," and fear not. The Messias is called the angel of his face. Isai. lxiii. 9. --- Rest. I will grant thy request. C.
↑ 14الخروج 33:15
Ver. 15. Thyself. Moses desires a farther explanation, or a positive assurance that God would conduct them. --- By all, ab omnibus, distinguished in glory from all others. Chal.
↑ 15الخروج 33:18
Ver. 18. Glory, or face, v. 13. 20. The angel was robed in darkness, which Moses begs may be removed. Tertullian supposes, he wished to behold the Messias.
Many think he desired to contemplate the divine essence. S. Aug. q. 161. Philo,
&c. But, could he be ignorant that such a request could not be granted? C. ---
God promised to shew him all good, or the beatific vision after death. H.
↑ 18الخروج 33:19
Ver. 19. All good, that could reasonably be desired. "I will pass before thee in all my glory,"
(Sept.) and principally in my beneficence. C. xxxiv. 6. 7. C. --- I will shew thee what great favours I have in reserve for Israel. Divines dispute whether Moses saw the divine essence. S.
Tho. 1, p. q. 12, a. 11. M. --- If he requested to do so now, it seems to be denied, v. 20. Jo. i. 17.
T. --- Proclaim, &c. When I pass, I will repeat some of my glorious titles, and particularly that I am merciful. M. --- Yet I will shew mercy with discretion, and will punish some of you. C.
↑ 19الخروج 33:20
Ver. 20. My face, even in my assumed form. M. --- The effulgence would cause death, as was commonly believed. Gen. xiii. 16. To behold the divine essence, we must be divested of our mortal body. 1 Cor. ii. 9. S. Greg. Naz. or. 49. H. ---
Moses, therefore, did not see it on earth, though he had greater favours shewn to him than the other prophets. Num. xii. 6. Theod. q. 68.
S. Chrys. &c. W.
↑ 20الخروج 33:23
Ver. 23. See my back parts. The Lord, by his angel, usually spoke to Moses in the pillar of the cloud, so that he could not see the glory of Him that spoke familiarly with him. In the vision here mentioned, he was allowed to see something of Him, in an assumed corporeal form: not in the face, the rays of which were too bright for mortal eye to bear, but to view Him as it were behind, when his face was turned from him. Ch. --- Thus our curiosity is repressed. D.
--- Servius observes, on Virgil, that the "gods mostly declare themselves by suddenly disappearing. They will shew their faces." Iliad. N. Grotius. --- The rock was Christ, (D.) in whose sacred humanity we discern, at a distance, the majesty of God. S. Aug. q. 154. Moses saw the hinder parts of God, or what should happen to Jesus Christ in the latter days of the synagogue. Orig. hom.
12.
By this wonderful vision, God was pleased to declare that he was appeased. H.
↑ 23الترخيص: Notes by Fr. George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), from the Douay-Rheims Bible with Haydock's commentary (first ed. Thomas Haydock, Manchester/Dublin, 1811–1814; New York: Edward Dunigan & Brother, 1859); New Testament notes compiled with Fr. Benedict Rayment. Public domain. Digital text: "The Haydock Bible", Internet Archive (archive.org/details/TheHaydockBible), uploaded 2011 under the Public Domain Mark. · الشكر والتراخيص