एस्तेर · IRV-HI
एस्तेर
1
बाइबल पाठकृत्रिम आवाज़ (AI)
क्षयर्ष नामक राजा के दिनों में ये बातें हुईं: यह वही क्षयर्ष है, जो एक सौ सत्ताईस प्रान्तों पर, अर्थात् भारत से लेकर कूश देश तक राज्य करता था। यह भी देखें: दानिय्येल 9:1एज्रा 4:6दानिय्येल 6:1उन्हीं दिनों में जब क्षयर्ष राजा अपनी उस राजगद्दी पर विराजमान था जो शूशन नामक राजगढ़ में थी। यह भी देखें: नहेम्याह 1:12 शमूएल 7:1दानिय्येल 8:2वहाँ उसने अपने राज्य के तीसरे वर्ष में अपने सब हाकिमों और कर्मचारियों को भोज दिया। फारस और मादै के सेनापति और प्रान्त- प्रान्त के प्रधान और हाकिम उसके सम्मुख आ गए। यह भी देखें: मारकुस 6:21एस्तेर 2:18दानिय्येल 5:1वह उन्हें बहुत दिन वरन् एक सौ अस्सी दिन तक अपने राजवैभव का धन और अपने माहात्म्य के अनमोल पदार्थ दिखाता रहा। यह भी देखें: अय्यूब 40:10स्तोत्र ग्रन्थ 76:1-4स्तोत्र ग्रन्थ 21:5इतने दिनों के बीतने पर राजा ने क्या छोटे क्या बड़े उन सभी की भी जो शूशन नामक राजगढ़ में इकट्ठा हुए थे, राजभवन की बारी के आँगन में सात दिन तक भोज दिया। यह भी देखें: एस्तेर 7:7-82 इतिहास 30:21-252 इतिहास 7:8-9वहाँ के पर्दे श्वेत और नीले सूत के थे, और सन और बैंगनी रंग की डोरियों से चाँदी के छल्लों में, संगमरमर के खम्भों से लगे हुए थे; और वहाँ की चौकियाँ सोने-चाँदी की थीं; और लाल और श्वेत और पीले और काले संगमरमर के बने हुए फर्श पर धरी हुई थीं। यह भी देखें: आमोस 6:4यहेजकेल 23:41एस्तेर 7:8उस भोज में राजा के योग्य दाखमधु भिन्न-भिन्न रूप के सोने के पात्रों में डालकर राजा की उदारता से बहुतायत के साथ पिलाया जाता था। यह भी देखें: दानिय्येल 5:2-41 राजाओं 10:21एस्तेर 2:18पीना तो नियम के अनुसार होता था, किसी को विवश करके नहीं पिलाया जाता था; क्योंकि राजा ने तो अपने भवन के सब भण्डारियों को आज्ञा दी थी, कि जो अतिथि जैसा चाहे उसके साथ वैसा ही बर्ताव करना। यह भी देखें: हबक्कूक 2:15-16यिर्मयाह 51:7यिर्मयाह 35:8रानी वशती ने भी राजा क्षयर्ष के भवन में स्त्रियों को भोज दिया। यह भी देखें: एस्तेर 5:4एस्तेर 5:8सातवें दिन, जब राजा का मन दाखमधु में मगन था, तब उसने महूमान, बिजता, हर्बोना, बिगता, अबगता, जेतेर और कर्कस नामक सातों खोजों को जो क्षयर्ष राजा के सम्मुख सेवा टहल किया करते थे, आज्ञा दी, यह भी देखें: एस्तेर 7:9न्यायियों 16:25नीतिवचन 20:1कि रानी वशती को राजमुकुट धारण किए हुए राजा के सम्मुख ले आओ; जिससे कि देश-देश के लोगों और हाकिमों पर उसकी सुन्दरता प्रगट हो जाए; क्योंकि वह देखने में सुन्दर थी। यह भी देखें: नीतिवचन 31:30मारकुस 6:21-22नीतिवचन 16:9खोजों के द्वारा राजा की यह आज्ञा पाकर रानी वशती ने आने से इन्कार किया। इस पर राजा बड़े क्रोध से जलने लगा। यह भी देखें: नीतिवचन 19:12नीतिवचन 20:21 पतरस 3:1तब राजा ने समय-समय का भेद जाननेवाले पंडितों से पूछा (राजा तो नीति और न्याय के सब ज्ञानियों से ऐसा ही किया करता था। यह भी देखें: 1 इतिहास 12:32दानिय्येल 2:2यिर्मयाह 10:7उसके पास कर्शना, शेतार, अदमाता, तर्शीश, मेरेस, मर्सना, और ममूकान नामक फारस, और मादै के सात प्रधान थे, जो राजा का दर्शन करते, और राज्य में मुख्य-मुख्य पदों पर नियुक्त किए गए थे।) यह भी देखें: 2 राजाओं 25:19एज्रा 7:14मत्ती 18:10राजा ने पूछा, “रानी वशती ने राजा क्षयर्ष की खोजों द्वारा दिलाई हुई आज्ञा का उल्लंघन किया, तो नीति के अनुसार उसके साथ क्या किया जाए?” यह भी देखें: एस्तेर 6:6तब ममूकान ने राजा और हाकिमों की उपस्थिति में उत्तर दिया, “रानी वशती ने जो अनुचित काम किया है, वह न केवल राजा से परन्तु सब हाकिमों से और उन सब देशों के लोगों से भी जो राजा क्षयर्ष के सब प्रान्तों में रहते हैं। यह भी देखें: 1 कुरिन्थियों 6:7-8प्रेरित-चरित 25:10प्रेरित-चरित 18:14क्योंकि रानी के इस काम की चर्चा सब स्त्रियों में होगी और जब यह कहा जाएगा, ‘राजा क्षयर्ष ने रानी वशती को अपने सामने ले आने की आज्ञा दी परन्तु वह न आई,’ तब वे भी अपने-अपने पति को तुच्छ जानने लगेंगी। यह भी देखें: इफिसियों 5:332 शमूएल 6:16आज के दिन फारस और मादी हाकिमों की स्त्रियाँ जिन्होंने रानी की यह बात सुनी है तो वे भी राजा के सब हाकिमों से ऐसा ही कहने लगेंगी; इस प्रकार बहुत ही घृणा और क्रोध उत्पन्न होगा। यह भी देखें: न्यायियों 5:291 राजाओं 11:3यदि राजा को स्वीकार हो, तो यह आज्ञा निकाले, और फारसियों और मादियों के कानून में लिखी भी जाए, जिससे कभी बदल न सके, कि रानी वशती राजा क्षयर्ष के सम्मुख फिर कभी आने न पाए, और राजा पटरानी का पद किसी दूसरी को दे दे जो उससे अच्छी हो। यह भी देखें: 1 शमूएल 15:28एस्तेर 8:8दानिय्येल 6:8-15अतः जब राजा की यह आज्ञा उसके सारे राज्य में सुनाई जाएगी, तब सब पत्नियाँ, अपने-अपने पति का चाहे बड़ा हो या छोटा, आदरमान करती रहेंगी।” यह भी देखें: कुलुस्सियों 3:18इफिसियों 5:22इफिसियों 5:33यह बात राजा और हाकिमों को पसन्द आई और राजा ने ममूकान की सम्मति मान ली और अपने राज्य में, यह भी देखें: एस्तेर 2:4उत्पत्ति 41:37एस्तेर 1:19अर्थात् प्रत्येक प्रान्त के अक्षरों में और प्रत्येक जाति की भाषा में चिट्ठियाँ भेजीं, कि सब पुरुष अपने-अपने घर में अधिकार चलाएँ, और अपनी जाति की भाषा बोला करें। यह भी देखें: एस्तेर 3:12एस्तेर 8:9इफिसियों 5:22-24
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मनन
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टिप्पणियाँ · हेडॉक (1859, सार्वजनिक डोमेन)17 टिप्पणियाँ
टिप्पणियाँ अंग्रेज़ी में फ़ा. जॉर्ज लियो हेडॉक की 19वीं सदी की काथलिक टीका, जैसी प्रकाशित हुई।
ये टिप्पणियाँ अपने समय के विवादों को बनाए रखती हैं: कुछ यहूदी लोगों या अन्य ख्रीस्तीयों के बारे में कठोरता से बोलती हैं। आज कलीसिया कुछ और सिखाती है: ख्रीस्त की मृत्यु के लिए यहूदी लोगों को दोषी नहीं ठहराया जा सकता (नोस्त्रा एताते 4; धर्मशिक्षा 597–598), और अन्य समुदायों के ख्रीस्तीय प्रभु में हमारे भाई-बहन हैं (उनितातिस रेदिन्तेग्रात्सियो 3)। ख्रीस्तीय एकता
पुस्तक का परिचय
यह 19वीं सदी की टिप्पणी विवादात्मक भाषा का उपयोग करती है; इसे इस पैनल के शीर्ष पर दी गई टिप्पणी के प्रकाश में पढ़ें।
THE BOOK OF ESTHER.
PREFACE.
This Book takes its name from queen Esther; whose history is here recorded.
The general opinion of almost all commentators on the Holy Scripture, make Mardochai the writer of it: which also may be collected below from C. ix. 20.
Ch. --- He and the queen were certainly authors of the letter, (H.) enjoining the celebration of the feast of Purim, or "lots," which is the ground-work (C.) of the present narration. D. --- The compiler has also had recourse to the archives of the kingdom of Persia: so that his work has all the authority that can be required of a profane historian; and being moreover inspired in all its parts, we cannot refuse to receive it with the utmost respect. Those additions which are not now in Hebrew, (C.) though they were perhaps formerly, (W. Origen. D.) have been carefully preserved by S. Jerom, and were recognized by the ancient Vulg. as they are at present by the Greek, without any distinction.
Lysimachus, the Greek translator, was probably the author of them. C. xi. 1. C.
--- The objections of Capellus against this "Greek scribbler," as he is pleased to style him, despising the judgment of both Jews and Christians, are in general very unaccountably borrowed (H.) from the Latin version, and are easily refuted. Houbigant. --- Those Jews, who have rejected this work entirely, with Melito, (Eus. Hist. iv. 26. S. Greg. Naz. &c.) ought not to prevail against the consent of the majority, (C.) expressed in the Councils of Laodicea, Carthage, Trent, sess. 4, &c. To read this book according to the order of time, we should begin C. xi. v. 2, &c. C. i. ii. and xii. and iii. to v. 14; then we find the distress of the Jews in the rest of that chapter, and in C. xiii. to v. 8, and their delivery in C.
iv.
to ix. v. 17, and C. xiii. v. 8, &c. and C. xiv. xv. and xvi. The consequences of these events are recorded C. ix. v. 17, &c. to C. xi. 1. (W.) with which verse the book ends, in the Greek editions.
H. --- They vary considerably, as did the copies of the ancient Vulgate, which called forth the complaints of S. Jerom, Pref. But the Church has distinguished what was spurious from the genuine word of God; so that the doubts of Lyran, Sixtus, (Bib. viii.) &c. respecting the fragments at the end of the book being not canonical, ought no longer to be indulged; much less can the boldness of many Lutherans, (C.) and particularly of Le Clerc, (Houbigant) be tolerated, who represent the whole work as a mere fiction. The Jews have a greater respect for it than for any of the prophets; whose works, they say, will perish at the coming of the Messias: whereas this will subsist with the books of Moses, and the feast of Purim will never be abolished. C. ix. 28.
Maimon. --- Ben. Gorion (ii. 2.) admits the additions. But Josephus is silent about them, as he probably did not find them in his copy. C. --- He recites, however, both the epistles of Assuerus.
Ant. xi. 6. D. --- It is not agreed whether these events happened before or after the captivity. But it is now most commonly supposed, that Esther was married to Darius Hystaspes, A. 3489, about the time of the dedication of the temple. C.
xiv. 9. He had been on the throne six years, and reigned other thirty. See Herod. vii. 4. C. --- Josephus thinks that Esther was the queen of Artaxerxes Longimanus, who was a great friend of the Jews. D. --- The Thalmud attributes this work to the great Synagogue, consisting of Esdras, Mardochai, Joachim,
&c. and, as various persons might write the same history, the Greek, with the additions, seems to be taken from one copy, and the Hebrew from another rather more concise, (Huet. D.) but equally inspired. H.
एस्तेर 1:1
Ver. 1. In. Heb. "and in." In this manner the books of Scripture are usually connected. Sept.
place first the dream of Mardochai. C. xi. 2. C. --- Assuerus. Sept. Artaxerxes; as C. xvi. 1.
The former is the title of Median, the latter of the Persian, monarchs. This king reigned over both nations, and was most probably Darius Hystaspes, the third king of the Persians, (T.) who subdued India, &c. Herod. C. T. --- Some understand Cambyses, (1 Esd. iv. Genebrard) or Xerxes (Scalig.) or Artaxerxes Longimanus, (Bellarm. Salien) or Memnon, (Euseb.) or Ochus.
Serarius. --- But (C.) the author of 3 Esd. iii. 1. and iv. 43. seems clearly declared for Hystaspes.
T. --- Though that work be not canonical, (D.) it may claim some authority, as an ancient history.
H. --- This king gave orders for the building of the temple. 1 Esd. vi. 1. 14. ---
India. Part had been (C.) subject to Xerxes. Herod. iv. 44. --- Ethiopia, beyond Egypt, paid an acknowledgment.
Cambyses had taken possession of this country. C. --- Some understand a part of Arabia to be meant. D. --- Seven: 120 had been regulated by Darius, the Mede. Dan. vi. 1. H. --- The number might vary as the monarch chose. D. ---
Herodotus (iii. 89.) only specifies "twenty." But he speaks of large departments, to which he intimates that several others were subordinate. C. ---
Provinces. Heb. medina, "seat of judges." H. --- Prefecture. M.
↑ 1एस्तेर 1:2
Ver. 2. Captial. Heb. "palace, (Prot. H.) or castle," (C.) may also signify "a capital." Mont. &c.
--- Hystaspes founded this ancient royal city of Persia, (Pliny vi. 27.) or he greatly embellished it.
C. Ælian, Anim. xiii. 18. T. --- He seems to have resided here almost constantly.
The preceding kings (C.) spent the winter in this warm climate, and perhaps the spring. See 2 Esd. i. 1. They spent other parts of the year at Ecbatana and at Babylon. C.
↑ 2एस्तेर 1:3
Ver. 3. Reign. When he was solemnly crowned, again, (T.) or removed his court, (C.) and dedicated this new capital, with feasting, &c. H.
↑ 3एस्तेर 1:4
Ver. 4. Days, or a full half year, according to their reckoning. Nabuchodonosor, after his victory over Arphaxad, (Judith i.) feasted 120 days; Dionysius of Syrachuse, 90; (Aristot.) Solomon seven; (3 K. viii. 63.) and David three; when he was recognized by all Israel. 1 Par. xii. 39. The Gaul, Ariamnes, gave a fest to all his countrymen for a whole year. Athen. iv. 13. --- The Roman emperors sometimes treated all the citizens of Rome, and Alexander did the like to 9000
of his chief officers for one day. But the magnificence of Assuerus surpasses all the rest. The Persians were famous on this account. --- Persicos odi, puer, apparatus. Hor. i. Ode 38. C.
↑ 4एस्तेर 1:5
Ver. 5. Expired, (Feuardent) or in the last week. M. C. --- King. The Persian monarchs delighted in agriculture. Cyrus the younger, planted trees at Sardis, and never ate till he had taken some exercise of this or of a military nature.
Xenoph. Memor. Cicero Senect.
↑ 5एस्तेर 1:6
Ver. 6. Were. Prot. " where were, " white, green, and blue hangings. --- Ivory.
Heb. "silver." H.
--- Beds, to lie down on at table; though sitting was formerly the fashion. Gen.
xliii. 33. The other custom prevailed among the more luxurious nations, and was observed in our Saviour's time, each person reclining upon his left arm, and having his feet behind the next. T. --- These beds were made very low, in Persia; so that Alexander had one put under his feet, when he sat on the throne of Darius, as he was not so tall. Curt. v. 7. --- Their magnificence was surprising.
Herod. ix. 81. C. --- Variety, in Mosaic work. T. --- They lay upon sheep skins.
Chal. Sept. "and the beds (or coverlets) were transparent, with various flowers, and full-blown roses, all round."
H.
↑ 6एस्तेर 1:7
Ver. 7. Vessels. When Lysanias had taken the camp of Mardonius, and beheld the rich vessels, he could not help expressing a surprise that people possessing such advantages, should come to molest the Lacedemonians, who lived so poorly. Herod. ix. 79.
↑ 7एस्तेर 1:8
Ver. 8. Neither. Heb. "and the drinking was according to the law." Gr. "was not according to the pre-established law;" (H.) as the usual custom was altered, on this occasion; and thus both may be accurate. The Persians had commonly a king of the feast, whose orders all were obliged to obey in drinking. Hor. i. Ode 4. Eccli. xxxii. 1. --- This was an occasion of quarrels, (S. Jer.) and of intoxication. Agesilaus followed the example of Assuerus. Darius, and Cyrus the younger, gloried in being able to drink much wine without being deranged.
C.
Reges dicuntur urgere culullis,
Et torquere mero, quem perspexisse laborant,
An sit amicitia dignus. Hor. ad Pison.
Among friends, these "absurd laws" wer laid aside.
Siccat inequales calices conviva, solutus
Legibus insanis. Hor. ii. Sat. 6. C.
This may suggest to Christians, that they ought not to urge any to get drunk, (S. Aug. ser. 231. de Temp.) lest they should be condemned by the very heathens. W. --- Would, and thus prevent disorders as much as possible.
Athen. x. 6.
↑ 8एस्तेर 1:9
Ver. 9. Vasthi. Sept. Astin. H. --- Serarius suspects she was the king's sister, or daughter, as such marriages were common in Persia. T. --- The name is not very different from that of Atossa, the daughter of Cyrus, who was married to Cambyses, Smerdis, and Darius; to the latter of whom she bore four children.
Herod. iii. 68. and vii. 3. --- This prince had other wives, particularly Artistona, (C. our Hadossa, (H.) or Esther) whom he espoused a virgin, and love the most.
Herodotus seems to confound her with Atossa. --- Dwell. Some Greek copies have "in her own palaces." Usher. --- It was proper for women to be more retired. M. --- The men feasted in the open air. H.
↑ 9एस्तेर 1:10
Ver. 10. Wine. From the king's excess, and the haughtiness of Vasthi, God took occasion to advance Esther, and to deliver his people. C. --- Mauman. Sept.
"Aman." T. --- But the names vary. The Persians seem to have had a predilection for the number seven, v. 14. C. Gr. "the seven eunuchs, ministers (deacons) of Artaxerxes."
↑ 10एस्तेर 1:11
Ver. 11. Head. But without any other covering. Chal. Sulpitius entertained perhaps the same idea. Stulto rege consultior, pudens, virorum oculis spectaculum corporis præbere jussa, abnuit.
H. --- Some Greek copies assert, very improbably, (C.) that she was sent for "to be crowned queen." --- Beautiful. "The Persian ladies were noted for beauty,"
(Ammian) insomuch that Alexander called them eye-sores, oculorum dolores.
Curt. --- Only prostitutes appeared publicly at feasts. Macrob. vii. 1. S. Amb. de Elia. i. 15. --- In effect, Vasthi's refusal conformable to the laws of the country.
Josephus. Plut. in Themist. --- Her offence consisted, therefore, rather in her haughty carriage or words. H. --- For the proposal was neither decent nor safe for the king, (Grot.) as the history of Candaules shews. Herod. i. Not. Var. in Sulp.
↑ 11एस्तेर 1:12
Ver. 12. Fury. This is the usual consequences of excess. W.
↑ 12एस्तेर 1:13
Ver. 13. According. Heb. "knew the times, (for so was the king's custom with those who knew law and judgment.) And the next," &c. H. --- These were the magi, more particularly versed in the constitutions of the country. The Persians commonly held their consultations over wine.
Herod. i. 133. --- Sept. "and the king said to his friends, Thus has Astin spoken; do therefore, in this affair, law and judgment. Then came forth to him Arkesaios and Saresthaios, and Malesear, the princes of the Persians and Medes, men near the king, and who sat first after the king. H. ---
The old Vulg. places Mardochæus first. These seven counsellors were perhaps styled the king's relations," (Brisson i. p. 171.) and administered justice; as even the kings referred their causes to them. Plut. Artax. &c.
↑ 13एस्तेर 1:16
Ver. 16. Mamuchan. Old Vulg. "Mardochæus." Yet the Jews say this was the infamous Aman; and one Greek copy has Bilgaios, (C.) and Arabo,
"Mouchaios." C. iii. 1. and xii. 6. He was the youngest, but spoke first, as was sometimes the case.
↑ 16एस्तेर 1:18
यह 19वीं सदी की टिप्पणी विवादात्मक भाषा का उपयोग करती है; इसे इस पैनल के शीर्ष पर दी गई टिप्पणी के प्रकाश में पढ़ें।
Ver. 18. Wives. Gr. τυραννιδες, "princesses, or female tyrants." --- Slight. Sept.
"dare to slight their husbands. Wherefore if," &c. H. --- Just. Heb. "enough of contempt and indignation."
This may be referred either to the king or to the women's husbands. The example will prove a source of continual quarrels. C. --- Brentius approves the decision of this parasite; though S.
Amb. &c. think that the queen was justified by the laws, which the king had no right to infringe, to gratify his drunken humour, v. 10. Luther would also wrest this text in favour of adultery, p.ii.
Devort. p. 177. W.
↑ 18एस्तेर 1:19
Ver. 19. Altered. This regarded the more solemn acts, signed by the counsellors. Dan. vi. 17.
Grotius. --- Some decrees were neglected or changed. C. viii. 9. 1 Esd. iv. 5. 21.
and vi. 1. C.
↑ 19एस्तेर 1:21
Ver. 21. Counsel. It was very inconclusive; (M.) and even supposing the queen were guilty of some indiscretion, the punishment was too severe. M. Grotius, v.
11. H.
↑ 21लाइसेंस: Notes by Fr. George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), from the Douay-Rheims Bible with Haydock's commentary (first ed. Thomas Haydock, Manchester/Dublin, 1811–1814; New York: Edward Dunigan & Brother, 1859); New Testament notes compiled with Fr. Benedict Rayment. Public domain. Digital text: "The Haydock Bible", Internet Archive (archive.org/details/TheHaydockBible), uploaded 2011 under the Public Domain Mark. · आभार और लाइसेंस