صموئيل الثاني · AVD
صموئيل الثاني
20
نص الكتاب المقدسصوت اصطناعي (ذكاء اصطناعي)
وَٱتَّفَقَ هُنَاكَ رَجُلٌ لَئِيمٌ ٱسْمُهُ شَبَعُ بْنُ بِكْرِي رَجُلٌ بَنْيَامِينِيٌّ، فَضَرَبَ بِٱلْبُوقِ وَقَالَ: «لَيْسَ لَنَا قِسْمٌ فِي دَاوُدَ وَلَا لَنَا نَصِيبٌ فِي ٱبْنِ يَسَّى. كُلُّ رَجُلٍ إِلَى خَيْمَتِهِ يَاإِسْرَائِيلُ». انظر أيضًا: الملوك الأول 12:16التثنية 13:13أخبار الأيام الثاني 10:16فَصَعِدَ كُلُّ رِجَالِ إِسْرَائِيلَ مِنْ وَرَاءِ دَاوُدَ إِلَى وَرَاءِ شَبَعَ بْنِ بِكْرِي. وَأَمَّا رِجَالُ يَهُوذَا فَلَازَمُوا مَلِكَهُمْ مِنَ ٱلْأُرْدُنِّ إِلَى أُورُشَلِيمَ. انظر أيضًا: أعمال الرسل 11:23يوحنا 6:66-68المزامير 118:8-10وَجَاءَ دَاوُدُ إِلَى بَيْتِهِ فِي أُورُشَلِيمَ. وَأَخَذَ ٱلْمَلِكُ ٱلنِّسَاءَ ٱلسَّرَارِيَّ ٱلْعَشَرَ ٱللَّوَاتِي تَرَكَهُنَّ لِحِفْظِ ٱلْبَيْتِ، وَجَعَلَهُنَّ تَحْتَ حَجْزٍ، وَكَانَ يَعُولُهُنَّ وَلَكِنْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ إِلَيْهِنَّ، بَلْ كُنَّ مَحبُوسَاتٍ إِلَى يَوْمِ مَوْتِهِنَّ فِي عِيشَةِ ٱلْعُزُوبَةِ. انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الثاني 16:21-22صموئيل الثاني 15:16التكوين 40:3وَقَالَ ٱلْمَلِكُ لِعَمَاسَا: «ٱجْمَعْ لِي رِجَالَ يَهُوذَا فِي ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ، وَٱحْضُرْ أَنْتَ هُنَا». انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الثاني 17:25صموئيل الثاني 19:13أخبار الأيام الأول 2:17فَذَهَبَ عَمَاسَا لِيَجْمَعَ يَهُوذَا، وَلَكِنَّهُ تأَخَّرَ عَنِ ٱلْمِيقَاتِ ٱلَّذِي عَيَّنَهُ. انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الأول 13:8صموئيل الثاني 19:13فَقَالَ دَاوُدُ لِأَبِيشَايَ: «ٱلْآنَ يُسِيءُ إِلَيْنَا شَبَعُ بْنُ بِكْرِي أَكْثَرَ مِنْ أَبْشَالُومَ. فَخُذْ أَنْتَ عَبِيدَ سَيِّدِكَ وَٱتْبَعْهُ لِئَلَّا يَجِدَ لِنَفْسِهِ مُدُنًا حَصِينَةً وَيَنْفَلِتَ مِنْ أَمَامِ أَعْيُنِنَا». انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الثاني 11:11الملوك الأول 1:33صموئيل الثاني 21:17فَخَرَجَ وَرَاءَهُ رِجَالُ يُوآبَ: ٱلْجَلَّادُونَ وَٱلسُّعَاةُ وَجَمِيعُ ٱلْأَبْطَالِ، وَخَرَجُوا مِن أُورُشَلِيمَ لِيَتْبَعُوا شَبَعَ بْنَ بِكْرِي. انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الثاني 8:18الملوك الأول 1:38صموئيل الثاني 15:18وَلَمَّا كَانُوا عِنْدَ ٱلصَّخْرَةِ ٱلْعَظِيمَةِ ٱلَّتِي فِي جِبْعُونَ، جَاءَ عَمَاسَا قُدَّامَهُمْ. وَكَانَ يُوآبُ مُتَنَطِّقًا عَلَى ثَوْبِهِ ٱلَّذِي كَانَ لَابِسَهُ، وَفَوْقَهُ مِنْطَقَةُ سَيْفٍ فِي غِمْدِهِ مَشْدُودَةٌ عَلَى حَقَوَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ ٱنْدَلَقَ ٱلسَّيْفُ. انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الثاني 3:30صموئيل الثاني 2:13صموئيل الثاني 20:4-5فَقَالَ يُوآبُ لِعَمَاسَا: «أَسَالِمٌ أَنْتَ يَا أَخِي؟» وَأَمْسَكَتْ يَدُ يُوآبَ ٱلْيُمْنَى بِلِحْيَةِ عَمَاسَا لِيُقَبِّلَهُ. انظر أيضًا: متى 26:48-49لوقا 22:47-48الأمثال 26:24-26وَأَمَّا عَمَاسَا فَلَمْ يَحْتَرِزْ مِنَ ٱلسَّيْفِ ٱلَّذِي بِيَدِ يُوآبَ، فَضَرَبَهُ بِهِ فِي بَطْنِهِ فَدَلَقَ أَمْعَاءَهُ إِلَى ٱلْأَرْضِ وَلَمْ يُثَنِّ عَلَيْهِ، فَمَاتَ. وَأَمَّا يُوآبُ وَأَبِيشَايُ أَخُوهُ فَتَبِعَا شَبَعَ بْنَ بِكْرِي. انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الثاني 2:23صموئيل الثاني 3:27القضاة 3:21وَوَقَفَ عِنْدَهُ وَاحِدٌ مِنْ غِلْمَانِ يُوآبَ، فَقَالَ: «مَنْ سُرَّ بِيُوآبَ، وَمَنْ هُوَ لِدَاوُدَ، فَوَرَاءَ يُوآبَ». انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الثاني 20:13صموئيل الثاني 20:6-7صموئيل الثاني 20:21وَكَانَ عَمَاسَا يَتَمَرَّغُ فِي ٱلدَّمِ فِي وَسَطِ ٱلسِّكَّةِ. وَلَمَّا رَأَى ٱلرَّجُلُ أَنَّ كُلَّ ٱلشَّعْبِ يَقِفُونَ، نَقَلَ عَمَاسَا مِنَ ٱلسِّكَّةِ إِلَى ٱلْحَقْلِ وَطَرَحَ عَلَيْهِ ثَوْبًا، لَمَّا رَأَى أَنَّ كُلَّ مَنْ يَصِلُ إِلَيْهِ يَقِفُ. انظر أيضًا: الأمثال 24:21-22المزامير 9:16صموئيل الثاني 17:25فَلَمَّا نُقِلَ عَنِ ٱلسِّكَّةِ عَبَرَ كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ وَرَاءَ يُوآبَ لِٱتِّبَاعِ شَبَعَ بْنِ بِكْرِي. انظر أيضًا: مرقس 10:46العدد 20:19إشعياء 36:2وَعَبَرَ فِي جَمِيعِ أَسْبَاطِ إِسْرَائِيلَ إِلَى آبَلَ وَبَيْتِ مَعْكَةَ وَجَمِيعِ ٱلْبِيرِيِّينَ، فَٱجْتَمَعُوا وَخَرَجُوا أَيْضًا وَرَاءَهُ. انظر أيضًا: الملوك الثاني 15:29أخبار الأيام الثاني 16:4العدد 21:16وَجَاءُوا وَحَاصَرُوهُ فِي آبَلِ بَيْتِ مَعْكَةَ، وَأَقَامُوا مِتْرَسَةً حَوْلَ ٱلْمَدِينَةِ فَأَقَامَتْ فِي ٱلْحِصَارِ، وَجَمِيعُ ٱلشَّعْبِ ٱلَّذِينَ مَعَ يُوآبَ كَانُوا يُخْرِبُونَ لِأَجْلِ إِسْقَاطِ ٱلسُّورِ. انظر أيضًا: الملوك الثاني 19:32إرميا 32:24الملوك الثاني 15:29فَنَادَتِ ٱمْرَأَةٌ حَكِيمَةٌ مِنَ ٱلْمَدِينَةِ: «اِسْمَعُوا. اِسْمَعُوا. قُولُوا لِيُوآبَ تَقَدَّمْ إِلَى هَهُنَا فَأُكَلِّمَكَ». انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الثاني 14:2الجامعة 9:14-18صموئيل الأول 25:32-33فَتَقَدَّمَ إِلَيْهَا، فَقَالَتِ ٱلْمَرْأَةُ: «أَأَنْتَ يُوآبُ؟» فَقَالَ: «أَنَا هُوَ». فَقَالَتْ لَهُ: «ٱسْمَعْ كَلَامَ أَمَتِكَ». فَقَالَ: «أَنَا سَامِعٌ». انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الأول 25:24صموئيل الثاني 14:12فَتَكَلَّمَتْ قَائِلَةً: «كَانُوا يَتَكَلَّمُونَ أَوَّلًا قَائِلِينَ: سُؤَالًا يَسْأَلُونَ فِي آبَلَ. وَهَكَذَا كَانُوا ٱنْتَهَوْا. انظر أيضًا: التثنية 20:10-11أَنَا مُسَالِمَةٌ أَمِينَةٌ فِي إِسْرَائِيلَ. أَنْتَ طَالِبٌ أَنْ تُمِيتَ مَدِينَةً وَأُمًّا فِي إِسْرَائِيلَ. لِمَاذَا تَبْلَعُ نَصِيبَ ٱلرَّبِّ؟» انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الأول 26:19صموئيل الثاني 21:3تيموثاوس الأولى 2:2فَأَجَابَ يُوآبُ وَقَالَ: «حَاشَايَ! حَاشَايَ أَنْ أَبْلَعَ وَأَنْ أُهْلِكَ. انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الثاني 20:10الأمثال 28:13صموئيل الثاني 23:17ٱلْأَمْرُ لَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ. لِأَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ جَبَلِ أَفْرَايِمَ ٱسْمُهُ شَبَعُ بْنُ بِكْرِي رَفَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى ٱلْمَلِكِ دَاوُدَ. سَلِّمُوهُ وَحْدَهُ فَأَنْصَرِفَ عَنِ ٱلْمَدِينَةِ». فَقَالَتِ ٱلْمَرْأَةُ لِيُوآبَ: «هُوَذَا رَأْسُهُ يُلْقَى إِلَيْكَ عَنِ ٱلسُّورِ». انظر أيضًا: إرميا 4:15صموئيل الثاني 23:18إرميا 50:19فَأَتَتِ ٱلْمَرْأَةُ إِلَى جَمِيعِ ٱلشَّعْبِ بِحِكْمَتِهَا فَقَطَعُوا رَأْسَ شَبَعَ بْنِ بِكْرِي وَأَلْقَوْهُ إِلَى يُوآبَ، فَضَرَبَ بِٱلْبُوقِ فَٱنْصَرَفُوا عَنِ ٱلْمَدِينَةِ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ إِلَى خَيْمَتِهِ. وَأَمَّا يُوآبُ فَرَجَعَ إِلَى أُورُشَلِيمَ إِلَى ٱلْمَلِكِ. انظر أيضًا: الجامعة 7:19صموئيل الثاني 20:1صموئيل الثاني 20:16وَكَانَ يُوآبُ عَلَى جَمِيعِ جَيْشِ إِسْرَائِيلَ، وَبَنَايَا بْنُ يَهُويَادَاعَ عَلَى ٱلْجَلَّادِينَ وَٱلسُّعَاةِ، انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الثاني 8:16-18الملوك الأول 4:3-6أخبار الأيام الأول 18:15-17وَأَدُورَامُ عَلَى ٱلْجِزْيَةِ، وَيَهُوشَافَاطُ بْنُ أَخِيلُودَ مُسَجِّلًا، انظر أيضًا: الملوك الأول 12:18الملوك الأول 4:3الملوك الأول 4:6وَشِيوَا كَاتِبًا، وَصَادُوقُ وَأَبِيَاثَارُ كَاهِنَيْنِ، انظر أيضًا: الملوك الأول 4:4صموئيل الثاني 8:17أخبار الأيام الأول 18:16وَعِيْرَا ٱلْيَائِيرِيُّ أَيْضًا كَانَ كَاهِنًا لِدَاوُدَ. انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الثاني 23:38الخروج 2:14القضاة 10:4-5
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ملاحظات · هايدوك (1859، ملك عام)19 ملاحظة
الملاحظات بالإنجليزية تفسير كاثوليكي من القرن التاسع عشر للأب جورج ليو هايدوك، كما نُشر.
تحتفظ هذه الحواشي بجدالات عصرها: بعضها يتحدث بقسوة عن الشعب اليهودي أو عن مسيحيين آخرين. والكنيسة تعلّم اليوم غير ذلك: لا يجوز تحميل الشعب اليهودي مسؤولية موت المسيح (في عصرنا 4؛ التعليم المسيحي 597–598)، والمسيحيون في الجماعات الأخرى إخوتنا وأخواتنا في الرب (إعادة الوحدة 3). وحدة المسيحيين
صموئيل الثاني 20:1
Ver. 1. Belial. Sept. "lawless." --- Jemini. The tribe of Benjamin continued to be rather disaffected. H. --- Part. This was an usual mode of expressing a disunion. 3 K. xii. 16. Acts viii. 21. C. --- See C. xix. 43. H. Seba was perhaps a kinsman of Saul, (M.) in come command.
C.
↑ 1صموئيل الثاني 20:2
Ver. 2. Jordan, near which the contest had happened. Some chosen troops attended Seba to the north, while the rest went home. H.
↑ 2صموئيل الثاني 20:3
Ver. 3. Widowhood, or celibacy, (M.) like nuns. Grot. Salien. --- David could not with propriety approach to them, (E.) as they resembled his daughters-in-law; (Lev. xviii. 15. M.) and no other person could marry them, while he was still their husband. H. --- The punishment of seclusion was very small in the East, where women seldom go out. The Jews assert, that the widows of the Hebrew kings could not marry again. Selden. Uxor. i. 10. --- The like custom formerly prevailed in Spain. Coun. of Toledo. xiii. 3. A.D. 683, of Saragossa, c. 5. A.D.
691. So great was the respect for the king or the apprehension, lest those who married their widows, should aspire to the throne. C.
↑ 3صموئيل الثاني 20:4
Ver. 4. Here, to be invested with the command over the army, and to pursue Seba. M.
↑ 4صموئيل الثاني 20:5
Ver. 5. Him, owing to some insuperable difficulties. He was not long behind, since he joined the forces at Gabaon, where he was treacherously slain by the envious Joab. H.
↑ 5صموئيل الثاني 20:6
Ver. 6. Lord, the king; or perhaps Joab. M. --- A select company always attended the king; and some of these he sent, for greater expedition, to attack Seba, before he had become too strong.
↑ 6صموئيل الثاني 20:7
Ver. 7. Men. It seems Joab accompanied them, though in a manner divested of his command, by the king's appointing Amasa, and then Abisai, to his exclusion. After the slaughter of the former, he resumed his authority; (v. 10) and David was forced to acquiesce, for fear of another civil war, reserving his punishment for more peaceable times. H.
↑ 7صموئيل الثاني 20:8
Ver. 8. Stone, where Abner and Joab had formerly joined battle. C. ii. M. ---
Habit, or body. ---
Flank; they usually hand at the thigh. Ps. xliv. 4. --- Strike: the scabbard was very wide; so that, when it was hanging very high, it would easily fall out, when he stooped; and thus afford Joab an opportunity of stabbing Amasa, without suspicion. C. --- Prot. "Joab's garment, that he had put on, was girded unto him, and upon it a girdle with a sword, fastened upon his loins, in the sheath thereof, and as he went forth, it fell out."
↑ 8صموئيل الثاني 20:9
Ver. 9. God, &c. Lit. "Hail, my brother." H. --- Kiss him. "In former times it was the custom, in Greece, for supplicants to touch the chin, (Plin. xi. 45.) having the left hand upon the person's knees. Iliad Α.) The touched a woman's cheeks; (Eurip. Hecuba.) or, among the Hebrews, her chin. Cant. ii. 6. The Turks and Arabs still kiss the beard, with the utmost reverence. Thevenot xxii.
Darvieux, C. vii. C.
↑ 9صموئيل الثاني 20:10
Ver. 10. Struck him with his left hand. H. --- Side. The same word is, elsewhere, translated groin; Sept. "loin." Moderns commonly render "in the fifth rib. " C. ii.
23. and iii. 27. and iv. 6.
C. --- Josephus, "the belly."
↑ 10صموئيل الثاني 20:11
Ver. 11. Some men. The same author and the Heb. only mention "one of," &c.
H. --- Behold.
Thus they insult over him, being attached to Joab. Heb. "Who loves Joab? and who is David?
Let him follow Joab;" or, "who is this who wished to supplant Joab? and who desired to be in David's favour, after Joab? C.
↑ 11صموئيل الثاني 20:12
Ver. 12. A certain. Heb. "the man" stationed by Joab, near the body, to inform those who passed, that he had been justly slain. Josephus, (vii. 10,) who observes, that this crime of Joab proceeded from envy, and was less deserving of excuse than the murder of Abner. H.
↑ 12صموئيل الثاني 20:14
Ver. 14. Tribes, north-west of the Jordan. C. --- Abela and Bathmaacha. Cities of the tribe of Nephtali. Ch. --- The former is called simply Abel (4 K. xv. 29. C.) as it is here by the Prot.
version. H. --- It is also called Abyla, (Luke iii. 1,) and Hoba, (Gen. xiv. 15. C.) between Damascus and Paneas, (Euseb.) situated on the borders of Syria, as well as Beth Maaca, or "the canton of Maacha," or Machati. Jos. xii. 5. ---
Chosen. Heb. Berim, (which is translated
"Berites," by the Prot. H.) is derived from Bara, "to choose," by S. Jerom. Sept.
have read airim,
"cities." Some suppose that the inhabitants of Bahurim (near Mount Ephraim, v. 21, where Semei, a relation of Saul, and many disaffected people resided) shut themselves up with him in Abela.
↑ 14صموئيل الثاني 20:15
Ver. 15. Works. Heb. a bank, or terrace against the city, and it stood in the trench; (H.) so that the town ditch was filled up, (Grot.) or terraces were raised, from which archers assailed the besieged. Joab made a ditch to defend his men from foreign assailants; and he had already taken the outward wall, so that the town could not hold out for any length of time. --- The walls. S.
Jerom thinks with battering rams: but they were not yet invented. C. --- They undermined the walls, while some attempted to pull them down with hooks and ropes. C. xvii. 13. H.
↑ 15صموئيل الثاني 20:16
Ver. 16. Say to Joab. This woman was noted for her prudence, and it was hoped that her words would have more influence to disarm Joab. She addresses those who were nearest the wall, that she may have an interview with the general, at the request of her fellow-citizens.
↑ 16صموئيل الثاني 20:18
Ver. 18. End of their disputes, (H.) as Abela was remarkable for its wise counsellors, (M.) and equitable decisions; (H.) so that many came, from a distance, to consult the learned of this city.
C. --- Others suppose that she refers to the law, which ordains that peace shall first be proposed, and, if this had been done, the affair would long ago have been decided. Deut. xx. 10. Jonath. E.
&c. --- Heb. "They spoke a word at first: Let them ask at Abela, and so they shall make an end."
Much must be supplied to make the text conformable to the former explication.
We may translate, "They said, in ancient times: Let those who require more, go seek at Abela: so they finished their discourse." C. --- Prot. "They shall surely ask counsel at Abel: and so the ended the matter. "
↑ 18صموئيل الثاني 20:19
Ver. 19. Truth. Heb. "I am peaceable, faithful in Israel." H. --- I am one of the cities most inclined to peace, and to the king's service, noted for lessons of loyalty. C. --- Probably there was an academy here. M. --- Mother, city, or metropolis. The Hebrews styled the inferior towns, daughters. C. --- Lord, a city belonging to Israel. H.
↑ 19صموئيل الثاني 20:20
Ver. 20. God, ( Absit. ) Lit. "Far be it, far be it from me;" as we need not put the name of God in the mouth of this profane man, without reason. H.
↑ 20صموئيل الثاني 20:26
Ver. 26. Jairite, a descendant of Jair, (C.) son of Manasses. H. --- Priest. Hebrew cohen, respected like a priest, (H.) chief favourite, (W.) the Rab. (Chal.) chief counsellor of David, (Vatab.) almoner, &c. It is not certain that he was of the family of Aaron, or qualified to be the domestic chaplain of the king. See C. viii.
16, &c. No other king of Israel had an officer to whom this title was given. C.
↑ 26الترخيص: Notes by Fr. George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), from the Douay-Rheims Bible with Haydock's commentary (first ed. Thomas Haydock, Manchester/Dublin, 1811–1814; New York: Edward Dunigan & Brother, 1859); New Testament notes compiled with Fr. Benedict Rayment. Public domain. Digital text: "The Haydock Bible", Internet Archive (archive.org/details/TheHaydockBible), uploaded 2011 under the Public Domain Mark. · الشكر والتراخيص