صموئيل الأول · AVD
صموئيل الأول
15
نص الكتاب المقدسصوت اصطناعي (ذكاء اصطناعي)
وَقَالَ صَمُوئِيلُ لِشَاوُلَ: «إِيَّايَ أَرْسَلَ ٱلرَّبُّ لِمَسْحِكَ مَلِكًا عَلَى شَعْبِهِ إِسْرَائِيلَ. وَٱلْآنَ فَٱسْمَعْ صَوْتَ كَلَامِ ٱلرَّبِّ. انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الأول 9:16صموئيل الأول 12:14صموئيل الأول 13:13هَكَذَا يَقُولُ رَبُّ ٱلْجُنُودِ: إِنِّي قَدِ ٱفْتَقَدْتُ مَا عَمِلَ عَمَالِيقُ بِإِسْرَائِيلَ حِينَ وَقَفَ لَهُ فِي ٱلطَّرِيقِ عِنْدَ صُعُودِهِ مِنْ مِصْرَ. انظر أيضًا: التثنية 25:17-19العدد 24:20الخروج 17:8-16فَٱلْآنَ ٱذْهَبْ وَٱضْرِبْ عَمَالِيقَ، وَحَرِّمُوا كُلَّ مَا لَهُ وَلَا تَعْفُ عَنْهُمْ بَلِ ٱقْتُلْ رَجُلًا وَٱمْرَأَةً، طِفْلًا وَرَضِيعًا، بَقَرًا وَغَنَمًا، جَمَلًا وَحِمَارًا». انظر أيضًا: العدد 24:20التثنية 20:16-18صموئيل الأول 22:19فَٱسْتَحْضَرَ شَاوُلُ ٱلشَّعْبَ وَعَدَّهُ فِي طَلَايِمَ، مِئَتَيْ أَلْفِ رَاجِلٍ، وَعَشْرَةَ آلَافِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ يَهُوذَا. انظر أيضًا: يشوع 15:24صموئيل الأول 11:8صموئيل الأول 13:15ثُمَّ جَاءَ شَاوُلُ إِلَى مَدِينَةِ عَمَالِيقَ وَكَمَنَ فِي ٱلْوَادِي. وَقَالَ شَاوُلُ لِلْقَيْنِيِّينَ: «ٱذْهَبُوا حِيدُوا ٱنْزِلُوا مِنْ وَسَطِ ٱلْعَمَالِقَةِ لِئَّلَا أُهْلِكَكُمْ مَعَهُمْ، وَأَنْتُمْ قَدْ فَعَلْتُمْ مَعْرُوفًا مَعَ جَمِيعِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ عِنْدَ صُعُودِهِمْ مِنْ مِصْرَ». فَحَادَ ٱلْقَيْنِيُّ مِنْ وَسَطِ عَمَالِيقَ. انظر أيضًا: القضاة 1:16العدد 10:29-32القضاة 4:11وَضَرَبَ شَاوُلُ عَمَالِيقَ مِنْ حَوِيلَةَ حَتَّى مَجِيئِكَ إِلَى شُورَ ٱلَّتِي مُقَابِلَ مِصْرَ. انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الأول 14:48التكوين 25:18التكوين 16:7وَأَمْسَكَ أَجَاجَ مَلِكَ عَمَالِيقَ حَيًّا، وَحَرَّمَ جَمِيعَ ٱلشَّعْبِ بِحَدِّ ٱلسَّيْفِ. انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الأول 30:1العدد 24:7أستير 3:1وَعَفَا شَاوُلُ وَٱلشَّعْبُ عَنْ أَجَاجَ وَعَنْ خِيَارِ ٱلْغَنَمِ وَٱلْبَقَرِ وَٱلثُّنْيَانِ وَٱلْخِرَافِ، وَعَنْ كُلِّ ٱلْجَيِّدِ، وَلَمْ يَرْضَوْا أَنْ يُحَرِّمُوهَا. وَكُلُّ ٱلْأَمْلَاكِ ٱلْمُحْتَقَرَةِ وَٱلْمَهْزُولَةِ حَرَّمُوهَا. انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الأول 15:15صموئيل الأول 15:3صموئيل الأول 15:19وَكَانَ كَلَامُ ٱلرَّبِّ إِلَى صَمُوئِيلَ قَائِلًا: «نَدِمْتُ عَلَى أَنِّي قَدْ جَعَلْتُ شَاوُلَ مَلِكًا، لِأَنَّهُ رَجَعَ مِنْ وَرَائِي وَلَمْ يُقِمْ كَلَامِي». فَٱغْتَاظَ صَمُوئِيلُ وَصَرَخَ إِلَى ٱلرَّبِّ ٱللَّيْلَ كُلَّهُ. انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الأول 13:13التكوين 6:6المزامير 119:136فَبَكَّرَ صَمُوئِيلُ لِلِقَاءِ شَاوُلَ صَبَاحًا. فَأُخْبِرَ صَمُوئِيلُ وَقِيلَ لَهُ: «قَدْ جَاءَ شَاوُلُ إِلَى ٱلْكَرْمَلِ، وَهُوَذَا قَدْ نَصَبَ لِنَفْسِهِ نُصْبًا وَدَارَ وَعَبَرَ وَنَزَلَ إِلَى ٱلْجِلْجَالِ». انظر أيضًا: يشوع 15:55صموئيل الأول 25:2صموئيل الثاني 18:18وَلَمَّا جَاءَ صَمُوئِيلُ إِلَى شَاوُلَ قَالَ لَهُ شَاوُلُ: «مُبَارَكٌ أَنْتَ لِلرَّبِّ. قَدْ أَقَمْتُ كَلَامَ ٱلرَّبِّ». انظر أيضًا: راعوث 3:10القضاة 17:2التكوين 3:12فَقَالَ صَمُوئِيلُ: «وَمَا هُوَ صَوْتُ ٱلْغَنَمِ هَذَا فِي أُذُنَيَّ، وَصَوْتُ ٱلْبَقَرِ ٱلَّذِي أَنَا سَامِعٌ؟» انظر أيضًا: إرميا 2:18-19المزامير 50:16-21لوقا 19:22فَقَالَ شَاوُلُ: «مِنَ ٱلْعَمَالِقَةِ، قَدْ أَتَوْا بِهَا، لِأَنَّ ٱلشَّعْبَ قَدْ عَفَا عَنْ خِيَارِ ٱلْغَنَمِ وَٱلْبَقَرِ لِأَجْلِ ٱلذَّبْحِ لِلرَّبِّ إِلَهِكَ. وَأَمَّا ٱلْبَاقِي فَقَدْ حَرَّمْنَاهُ». انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الأول 15:21صموئيل الأول 15:9الخروج 32:22-23فَقَالَ صَمُوئِيلُ لِشَاوُلَ: «كُفَّ فَأُخْبِرَكَ بِمَا تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ ٱلرَّبُّ إِلَيَّ هَذِهِ ٱللَّيْلَةَ». فَقَالَ لَهُ: «تَكَلَّمْ». انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الأول 9:27صموئيل الأول 12:7الملوك الأول 22:16فَقَالَ صَمُوئِيلُ: «أَلَيْسَ إِذْ كُنْتَ صَغِيرًا فِي عَيْنَيْكَ صِرْتَ رَأْسَ أَسْبَاطِ إِسْرَائِيلَ وَمَسَحَكَ ٱلرَّبُّ مَلِكًا عَلَى إِسْرَائِيلَ، انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الأول 9:21صموئيل الأول 10:22صموئيل الأول 15:1-3وَأَرْسَلَكَ ٱلرَّبُّ فِي طَرِيقٍ وَقَالَ: ٱذْهَبْ وَحَرِّمِ ٱلْخُطَاةَ عَمَالِيقَ وَحَارِبْهُمْ حَتَّى يَفْنَوْا؟ انظر أيضًا: الأمثال 10:29أيوب 31:3التكوين 13:13فَلِمَاذَا لَمْ تَسْمَعْ لِصَوْتِ ٱلرَّبِّ، بَلْ ثُرْتَ عَلَى ٱلْغَنِيمَةِ وَعَمِلْتَ ٱلشَّرَّ فِي عَيْنَيِ ٱلرَّبِّ؟». انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الأول 14:32الأمثال 15:27حبقوق 2:9-12فَقَالَ شَاوُلُ لِصَمُوئِيلَ: «إِنِّي قَدْ سَمِعْتُ لِصَوْتِ ٱلرَّبِّ وَذَهَبْتُ فِي ٱلطَّرِيقِ ٱلَّتِي أَرْسَلَنِي فِيهَا ٱلرَّبُّ وَأَتَيْتُ بِأَجَاجَ مَلِكِ عَمَالِيقَ وَحَرَّمْتُ عَمَالِيقَ. انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الأول 15:13رومية 10:3متى 19:20فَأَخَذَ ٱلشَّعْبُ مِنَ ٱلْغَنِيمَةِ غَنَمًا وَبَقَرًا، أَوَائِلَ ٱلْحَرَامِ لِأَجْلِ ٱلذَّبْحِ لِلرَّبِّ إِلَهِكَ فِي ٱلْجِلْجَالِ». انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الأول 15:15الخروج 32:22-23التكوين 3:13فَقَالَ صَمُوئِيلُ: «هَلْ مَسَرَّةُ ٱلرَّبِّ بِٱلْمُحْرَقَاتِ وَٱلذَّبَائِحِ كَمَا بِٱسْتِمَاعِ صَوْتِ ٱلرَّبِّ؟ هُوَذَا ٱلِٱسْتِمَاعُ أَفْضَلُ مِنَ ٱلذَّبِيحَةِ، وَٱلْإِصْغَاءُ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ شَحْمِ ٱلْكِبَاشِ. انظر أيضًا: هوشع 6:6المزامير 51:16-17الأمثال 21:3لِأَنَّ ٱلتَّمَرُّدَ كَخَطِيَّةِ ٱلْعِرَافَةِ، وَٱلْعِنَادُ كَٱلْوَثَنِ وَٱلتَّرَافِيمِ. لِأَنَّكَ رَفَضْتَ كَلَامَ ٱلرَّبِّ رَفَضَكَ مِنَ ٱلْمُلْكِ». انظر أيضًا: إرميا 28:16صموئيل الأول 13:14اللاويين 20:6فَقَالَ شَاوُلُ لِصَمُوئِيلَ: «أَخْطَأْتُ لِأَنِّي تَعَدَّيْتُ قَوْلَ ٱلرَّبِّ وَكَلَامَكَ، لِأَنِّي خِفْتُ مِنَ ٱلشَّعْبِ وَسَمِعْتُ لِصَوْتِهِمْ. انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الثاني 12:13إشعياء 51:12-13غلاطية 1:10وَٱلْآنَ فَٱغْفِرْ خَطِيَّتِي وَٱرْجِعْ مَعِي فَأَسْجُدَ لِلرَّبِّ». انظر أيضًا: الخروج 10:17فَقَالَ صَمُوئِيلُ لِشَاوُلَ: «لَا أَرْجِعُ مَعَكَ لِأَنَّكَ رَفَضْتَ كَلَامَ ٱلرَّبِّ، فَرَفَضَكَ ٱلرَّبُّ مِنْ أَنْ تَكُونَ مَلِكًا عَلَى إِسْرَائِيلَ». انظر أيضًا: هوشع 4:6صموئيل الأول 13:14صموئيل الأول 16:1وَدَارَ صَمُوئِيلُ لِيَمْضِيَ، فَأَمْسَكَ بِذَيْلِ جُبَّتِهِ فَٱنْمَزَقَ. انظر أيضًا: الملوك الأول 11:30-31فَقَالَ لَهُ صَمُوئِيلُ: «يُمَزِّقُ ٱلرَّبُّ مَمْلَكَةَ إِسْرَائِيلَ عَنْكَ ٱلْيَوْمَ وَيُعْطِيهَا لِصَاحِبِكَ ٱلَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنْكَ. انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الأول 28:17-18أعمال الرسل 13:22إرميا 27:5-6وَأَيْضًا نَصِيحُ إِسْرَائِيلَ لَا يَكْذِبُ وَلَا يَنْدَمُ، لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ إِنْسَانًا لِيَنْدَمَ». انظر أيضًا: العدد 23:19حزقيال 24:14تيطس 1:2فَقَالَ: «قَدْ أَخْطَأْتُ. وَٱلْآنَ فَأَكْرِمْنِي أَمَامَ شُيُوخِ شَعْبِي وَأَمَامَ إِسْرَائِيلَ، وَٱرْجِعْ مَعِي فَأَسْجُدَ لِلرَّبِّ إِلَهِكَ». انظر أيضًا: يوحنا 12:43يوحنا 5:44إشعياء 29:13فَرَجَعَ صَمُوئِيلُ وَرَاءَ شَاوُلَ، وَسَجَدَ شَاوُلُ لِلرَّبِّ. وَقَالَ صَمُوئِيلُ: «قَدِّمُوا إِلَيَّ أَجَاجَ مَلِكَ عَمَالِيقَ». فَذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَجَاجُ فَرِحًا. وَقَالَ أَجَاجُ: «حَقًّا قَدْ زَالَتْ مَرَارَةُ ٱلْمَوْتِ». انظر أيضًا: إرميا 48:44تسالونيكي الأولى 5:3الرؤيا 18:7فَقَالَ صَمُوئِيلُ: «كَمَا أَثْكَلَ سَيْفُكَ ٱلنِّسَاءَ، كَذَلِكَ تُثْكَلُ أُمُّكَ بَيْنَ ٱلنِّسَاءِ». فَقَطَعَ صَمُوئِيلُ أَجَاجَ أَمَامَ ٱلرَّبِّ فِي ٱلْجِلْجَالِ. انظر أيضًا: القضاة 1:7التكوين 9:6متى 7:2وَذَهَبَ صَمُوئِيلُ إِلَى ٱلرَّامَةِ، وَأَمَّا شَاوُلُ فَصَعِدَ إِلَى بَيْتِهِ فِي جِبْعَةِ شَاوُلَ. انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الأول 11:4صموئيل الأول 7:17وَلَمْ يَعُدْ صَمُوئِيلُ لِرُؤْيَةِ شَاوُلَ إِلَى يَوْمِ مَوْتِهِ، لِأَنَّ صَمُوئِيلَ نَاحَ عَلَى شَاوُلَ. وَٱلرَّبُّ نَدِمَ لِأَنَّهُ مَلَّكَ شَاوُلَ عَلَى إِسْرَائِيلَ. انظر أيضًا: صموئيل الأول 15:11صموئيل الأول 19:24صموئيل الأول 16:1
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ملاحظات · هايدوك (1859، ملك عام)25 ملاحظة
الملاحظات بالإنجليزية تفسير كاثوليكي من القرن التاسع عشر للأب جورج ليو هايدوك، كما نُشر.
تحتفظ هذه الحواشي بجدالات عصرها: بعضها يتحدث بقسوة عن الشعب اليهودي أو عن مسيحيين آخرين. والكنيسة تعلّم اليوم غير ذلك: لا يجوز تحميل الشعب اليهودي مسؤولية موت المسيح (في عصرنا 4؛ التعليم المسيحي 597–598)، والمسيحيون في الجماعات الأخرى إخوتنا وأخواتنا في الرب (إعادة الوحدة 3). وحدة المسيحيين
صموئيل الأول 15:1
Ver. 1. Lord, in gratitude for so great an honour. H.
↑ 1صموئيل الأول 15:2
Ver. 2. Reckoned up. God speaks in a human manner, as if he had been reading the history of ancient times. Ex. xvii. 14. M. --- The Amalecites had treated Israel with inhumanity, above 400
years before. God's vengeance is often slow, but only so much the more terrible. C. --- Heb.
pakadti, I have visited, or will punish and remember.
↑ 2صموئيل الأول 15:3
Ver. 3. Destroy, as a thing accursed. H. --- Child. The great master of life and death (who cuts off one half of mankind whilst they are children) has been pleased sometimes to ordain that children should be put to the sword, in detestation of the crimes of their parents, and that they might not live to follow the same wicked ways. But without such ordinance of God, it is not allowable in any wars, how just soever, to kill children. Ch. --- The Israelites were now to execute God's orders with blind obedience, as he cannot be guilty of injustice.
--- Nor covet...his, is omitted in Heb. &c. C. --- Amalec is stricken when the flesh is chastised---He is destroyed when we repress evil thoughts. S. Greg. W.
↑ 3صموئيل الأول 15:4
Ver. 4. As lambs. This comparison is very common. Isai. xl. 11. Ezec. xxxiv. 2.
But many translate the Heb. "in Telaim." S. Jerom reads Heb. c, as, instead of b, in, with greater propriety.
Sept. and Josephus, "in Galgal," which in effect would have been the most proper place for rendezvous. C. --- Footmen. Vat. Sept. "400,000 ranks or standards, (Josephus, men) and Juda 30,000."
↑ 4صموئيل الأول 15:5
Ver. 5. Amelac. The people dwelt in tents, and removed from one place to another. So in Ethiopia there are properly no cities, the place where the prince encamps is deemed the capital.
C. --- Torrent. Heb. or "valley."
↑ 5صموئيل الأول 15:6
Ver. 6. Egypt. See Judg. i. 16. Ex. xviii. 12. Num. x. 31. and xxiv. 21. Saul gave private instructions to the Cinite, who had been settled at Arad, and had mixed with Amalec, to depart.
C.
↑ 6صموئيل الأول 15:7
Ver. 7. Sur. See Gen. ii. 11. and xvi. 7. and xxv. 18. Ex. xv. 22. M. --- These people had occupied a great part of the country, from the Persian Gulf to Egypt. H.
↑ 7صموئيل الأول 15:9
Ver. 9. Garments. Heb. is commonly rendered, "fatlings." Sept. "eatables." C.
--- Avarice seems to have actuated Saul, (Lyran) or a false pity, (Josephus) or a desire to grace his triumph, v. 12.
Glossa. M.
↑ 9صموئيل الأول 15:11
Ver. 11. Repenteth. God cannot change: but he often acts exteriorly as one who repents. He alters his conduct when men prove rebellious. S. Justin. p. 22. ---
Grieved. Heb. "indignant." C.
--- He was sorry to think that Saul would now lose his temporal, and perhaps his eternal crown.
Salien. --- "The choice of Judas and of Saul, do not prove that God is ignorant of future events, but rather that he is a Judge of the present." S. Jer. in Ezec. ii.
↑ 11صموئيل الأول 15:12
Ver. 12. Arch. Here we behold what a change prosperity makes in the manners of those who before shewed the greatest humility. Saul erects a monument to his own vanity. Heb. "he has set him up a hand," (as Absalom did, 2 K. xviii.
18.) or "a place" to divide the booty, (Jonathan) or "a garrison," to keep the country in subjection. C. --- Perhaps he erected the figure of "a hand," as an emblem of strength, and in honour of Benjamin, "the son of the right hand," of whose tribe he was. H.
↑ 12صموئيل الأول 15:14
Ver. 14. Hear, and which manifestly prove, that God's order has not been put in execution. M.
↑ 14صموئيل الأول 15:15
Ver. 15. Thy God. This was probably a falsehood, like the rest. Salien.
↑ 15صموئيل الأول 15:17
Ver. 17. Eyes. God rejects the proud, and gives his grace to the humble. See Luke i. 52. H.
↑ 17صموئيل الأول 15:20
Ver. 20. Lord. Sept. "of the people."
↑ 20صموئيل الأول 15:21
Ver. 21. First-fruits, or the best. --- Slain. Heb. "of the anathema."
↑ 21صموئيل الأول 15:22
Ver. 22. Rams. Can God be pleased with victims which he has cursed? H.
↑ 22صموئيل الأول 15:23
Ver. 23. Obey. Heb. "Rebellion is the sin of divination or witchcraft, and resistance is iniquity, and the Theraphim." Sym. "the injustice of idols."
Theraphim here designate idolatrous representations. Gen. xxxi. 19. They were probably of Chaldee origin, in honour of the sun and fire, (C.) and were venerated like the Penates, and supposed to be the sources of prosperity, from the Arab. Taraph, "to give abundance." Hence Laban was so solicitous to recover what Rachel had taken away. Louis de Dieu --- By sacrifices we give our goods, or another's flesh is immolated; (Mor. xxxiii. 10. D.) by obedience, we give ourselves to God. S. Greg. W.
↑ 23صموئيل الأول 15:24
Ver. 24. Voice: miserable excuse for a king, who ought to prevent the sins of his people! C. ---
Saul's transgression seems less than David's; but the one repents, and the other proudly defends what he had done. D.
↑ 24صموئيل الأول 15:25
Ver. 25. Bear, or take away. Pardon my fault. Do not expose me in public. ---
The Lord, by offering sacrifices, v. 31. C.
↑ 25صموئيل الأول 15:27
Ver. 27. Rent: a dreadful prognostic that Saul was cast away. H.
↑ 27صموئيل الأول 15:29
Ver. 29. Triumpher. Some suppose that he speaks ironically of Saul. A prince, like you, will not repent. C. --- But it more probably refers to God, who would not fail to execute his threats against the king. H. --- Heb. "the victor in Israel will not lie, he will not repent." Sept. "and Israel shall be split in two, and the holy one of Israel shall not turn nor repent." Saul's rejection became now inevitable. C.
↑ 29صموئيل الأول 15:30
Ver. 30. Israel. He is wholly solicitous to shun disgrace in this world. H. --- His confession was not actuated by such contrition as that he might deserve to hear, the Lord has removed thy sin. He begins by falsehood; continues making idle excuses, and throwing the blame on others, and concludes, by shewing that he is more concerned for what his subjects may think and do against him, than for the displeasure of God. He boldly ventures to offer victims. But Samuel joins not with him in prayer, looking upon him as a person excommunicated; and he only attends that he may see the word of the Lord fulfilled, and Agag treated as he deserved. Salien, A. 2965.
↑ 30صموئيل الأول 15:32
Ver. 32. Trembling. Heb. "and Agag came to him delicately." Sept. "trembling,"
(H.) or walking with a soft step, or "with bands or chains;" mahadannoth. See Pagnin. M. --- Some think that he presented himself boldly, like a king, fearing nothing. Vatab. --- Manner. Heb. "Surely the bitterness of death is past." I have obtained pardon from Saul. But the sense of the Vulg. seems preferable, as he must have perceived, from the looks of the prophet, that death was hanging over him. Hence others translate, "is pouring upon me," instead of, is past.
Sept. "Is death thus bitter?" Chal. "I pray my Lord: the bitterness of death." H.
--- O death! how bitter is the remembrance of thee to a man that hath peace in his possessions, &c. Eccli. xli. 1. So Aristotle (Nicom. iii. 6.) says, "Death is most terrible, ( peras gar) for it is a passage," or separation, from all the things which could attach a man to this world. C. --- This catastrophe of Agag and Saul, had been long before predicted. Num. xxiv. 7. H.
↑ 32صموئيل الأول 15:33
Ver. 33. Pieces. Josephus adds, by the hand of others. M. --- But zeal put the sword into his own hand; and he imitated the Levites and Phinees, (Ex. xxxii.
27.) to shew Saul how preposterous had been his pity, when the Lord had spoken plainly. C. --- Lord, as a sort of victim. Isai. xxxiv.
6. M.
↑ 33صموئيل الأول 15:35
Ver. 35. Saw Saul no more till the day of his death. That is, he went no more to see him: he visited him no more. Ch. --- He looked upon him as one who had lost the right to the kingdom, though he was suffered for a time to hold the reins of government, as a lieutenant to David. He might afterwards see Saul passing, but never to visit him, (Salien) or to consult with him about the affairs of state; (M.) nor perhaps did he even see him, when Saul came to Najoth. C.
xix. 19.
24. His spirit came to announce destruction to Saul, the night preceding the death of that unfortunate king. C. xxxviii. H. --- Repented. God is said, improperly, to repent when he alters what he had appointed. S. Amb. de Noe, c.
iv. W.
↑ 35الترخيص: Notes by Fr. George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), from the Douay-Rheims Bible with Haydock's commentary (first ed. Thomas Haydock, Manchester/Dublin, 1811–1814; New York: Edward Dunigan & Brother, 1859); New Testament notes compiled with Fr. Benedict Rayment. Public domain. Digital text: "The Haydock Bible", Internet Archive (archive.org/details/TheHaydockBible), uploaded 2011 under the Public Domain Mark. · الشكر والتراخيص