1 Samuel · LSG
1 Samuel
1
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Il y avait un homme de Ramathaïm-Tsophim, de la montagne d’Éphraïm, nommé Elkana, fils de Jeroham, fils d’Élihu, fils de Thohu, fils de Tsuph, Éphratien. Voir aussi: 1 Chroniques 6:341 Chroniques 6:25-271 Samuel 1:19Il avait deux femmes, dont l’une s’appelait Anne, et l’autre Peninna; Peninna avait des enfants, mais Anne n’en avait point. Voir aussi: Genèse 29:23-29Genèse 16:1-2Deutéronome 21:15-17Chaque année, cet homme montait de sa ville à Silo, pour se prosterner devant l’Éternel des armées et pour lui offrir des sacrifices. Là se trouvaient les deux fils d’Éli, Hophni et Phinées, sacrificateurs de l’Éternel. Voir aussi: Luc 2:41Josué 18:1Deutéronome 12:5-7Le jour où Elkana offrait son sacrifice, il donnait des portions à Peninna, sa femme, et à tous les fils et à toutes les filles qu’il avait d’elle. Voir aussi: Deutéronome 12:17-18Deutéronome 16:11Lévitique 7:15Mais il donnait à Anne une portion double; car il aimait Anne, que l’Éternel avait rendue stérile. Voir aussi: Genèse 30:2Genèse 29:30-31Genèse 20:18Sa rivale lui prodiguait les mortifications, pour la porter à s’irriter de ce que l’Éternel l’avait rendue stérile. Voir aussi: Job 24:21Job 6:14Lévitique 18:18Et toutes les années il en était ainsi. Chaque fois qu’Anne montait à la maison de l’Éternel, Peninna la mortifiait de la même manière. Alors elle pleurait et ne mangeait point. Voir aussi: 1 Samuel 2:19Elkana, son mari, lui disait: Anne, pourquoi pleures-tu, et ne manges-tu pas? Pourquoi ton cœur est-il attristé? Est-ce que je ne vaux pas pour toi mieux que dix fils? Voir aussi: Ruth 4:15Job 6:14Isaïe 54:6Anne se leva, après que l’on eut mangé et bu à Silo. Le sacrificateur Éli était assis sur un siège, près de l’un des poteaux du temple de l’Éternel. Voir aussi: 1 Samuel 3:3Psaumes 27:4Psaumes 5:7Et, l’amertume dans l’âme, elle pria l’Éternel et versa des pleurs. Voir aussi: Job 7:11Job 10:1Luc 22:44Elle fit un vœu, en disant: Éternel des armées! Si tu daignes regarder l’affliction de ta servante, si tu te souviens de moi et n’oublies point ta servante, et si tu donnes à ta servante un enfant mâle, je le consacrerai à l’Éternel pour tous les jours de sa vie, et le rasoir ne passera point sur sa tête. Voir aussi: Juges 13:5Nombres 6:5Genèse 29:32Comme elle restait longtemps en prière devant l’Éternel, Éli observa sa bouche. Voir aussi: 1 Thessaloniciens 5:17Jacques 5:16Éphésiens 6:18Anne parlait dans son cœur, et ne faisait que remuer les lèvres, mais on n’entendait point sa voix. Éli pensa qu’elle était ivre, Voir aussi: Romains 8:26Genèse 24:42-45Actes des Apôtres 2:13et il lui dit: Jusques à quand seras-tu dans l’ivresse? Fais passer ton vin. Voir aussi: Matthieu 7:1-3Éphésiens 4:31Psaumes 62:3Anne répondit: Non, mon seigneur, je suis une femme qui souffre en son cœur, et je n’ai bu ni vin ni boisson enivrante; mais je répandais mon âme devant l’Éternel. Voir aussi: Psaumes 62:8Lamentations 2:19Psaumes 42:4Ne prends pas ta servante pour une femme pervertie, car c’est l’excès de ma douleur et de mon chagrin qui m’a fait parler jusqu’à présent. Voir aussi: 1 Samuel 2:12Matthieu 12:34-35Job 10:1-2Éli reprit la parole, et dit: Va en paix, et que le Dieu d’Israël exauce la prière que tu lui as adressée! Voir aussi: Marc 5:34Juges 18:6Psaumes 20:3-5Elle dit: Que ta servante trouve grâce à tes yeux! Et cette femme s’en alla. Elle mangea, et son visage ne fut plus le même. Voir aussi: Ruth 2:13Ecclésiaste 9:7Romains 15:13Ils se levèrent de bon matin, et après s’être prosternés devant l’Éternel, ils s’en retournèrent et revinrent dans leur maison à Rama. Elkana connut Anne, sa femme, et l’Éternel se souvint d’elle. Voir aussi: Genèse 21:1Genèse 30:221 Samuel 1:11Dans le cours de l’année, Anne devint enceinte, et elle enfanta un fils, qu’elle nomma Samuel, car, dit-elle, je l’ai demandé à l’Éternel. Voir aussi: Genèse 41:51-52Exode 2:10Matthieu 1:21Son mari Elkana monta ensuite avec toute sa maison, pour offrir à l’Éternel le sacrifice annuel, et pour accomplir son vœu. Voir aussi: 1 Samuel 1:3Deutéronome 12:11Josué 24:15Mais Anne ne monta point, et elle dit à son mari: Lorsque l’enfant sera sevré, je le mènerai, afin qu’il soit présenté devant l’Éternel et qu’il reste là pour toujours. Voir aussi: 1 Samuel 1:111 Samuel 1:28Luc 2:22Elkana, son mari, lui dit: Fais ce qui te semblera bon, attends de l’avoir sevré. Veuille seulement l’Éternel accomplir sa parole! Et la femme resta et allaita son fils, jusqu’à ce qu’elle le sevrât. Voir aussi: 2 Samuel 7:25Psaumes 22:9Isaïe 44:26Quand elle l’eut sevré, elle le fit monter avec elle, et prit trois taureaux, un épha de farine, et une outre de vin. Elle le mena dans la maison de l’Éternel à Silo: l’enfant était encore tout jeune. Voir aussi: Nombres 15:9-101 Samuel 4:3-4Josué 18:1Ils égorgèrent les taureaux, et ils conduisirent l’enfant à Éli. Voir aussi: Luc 18:15-16Luc 2:22Anne dit: Mon seigneur, pardon! Aussi vrai que ton âme vit, mon seigneur, je suis cette femme qui me tenais ici près de toi pour prier l’Éternel. Voir aussi: 2 Rois 2:62 Rois 2:22 Rois 2:4C’était pour cet enfant que je priais, et l’Éternel a exaucé la prière que je lui adressais. Voir aussi: 1 Jean 5:15Matthieu 7:7Psaumes 66:19-20Aussi je veux le prêter à l’Éternel: il sera toute sa vie prêté à l’Éternel. Et ils se prosternèrent là devant l’Éternel Voir aussi: Genèse 24:26Genèse 24:521 Samuel 1:11
Voir aussi: Références croisées d'OpenBible.info (CC BY), dérivées en partie du Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (domaine public).
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Notes · Haydock (1859, domaine public)Notes : 22
Notes en anglais Commentaire catholique du XIXᵉ siècle du P. George Leo Haydock, tel qu’il a été publié.
Ces notes gardent les polémiques de leur époque : certaines parlent durement du peuple juif ou d'autres chrétiens. L'Église enseigne autrement aujourd'hui. On ne peut imputer au peuple juif la mort du Christ (Nostra Aetate 4 ; Catéchisme 597–598), et les chrétiens des autres communautés sont nos frères dans le Seigneur (Unitatis Redintegratio 3). L'unité des chrétiens
Introduction au livre
THE FIRST BOOK OF SAMUEL;
otherwise called,
THE FIRST BOOK OF KINGS.
PREFACE.
This and the following Book are called by the Hebrews, the Books of Samuel, because they contain the history of Samuel, and of the two kings, Saul and David, whom he anointed. They are more commonly named by the Fathers, the First and Second Book of Kings. As to the writer of them, it is the common opinion that Samuel composed the first book, as far as the twenty-fifth chapter; and that the prophets Nathan and Gad finished the first and wrote the second book. See 1 Par. alias 1 Chronicles, xxix. 19. Ch. --- The authors of the Third and Fourth Books of Kings were also prophets, but we know not exactly their names. These works have nevertheless been always esteemed authentic (H.) and canonical. W. --- V. Bede takes occasion to observe, from the Books of Kings (or as the Sept. read, "of kingdoms;" H.) being placed after that of Judges, that the everlasting kingdom of Christ will succeed the general judgment. The translation of the priesthood and of the regal dignity, recorded in these books, denote also that Christ would united both in his own person; as the two wives of Eleana intimated, that both Jews and Gentiles would acknowledge the same Lord. S. Jerom, S. Aug. &c. --- The transactions of Heli, Samuel and Saul, and the persecutions which David sustained from the latter, form the subject of the first book, (H.) during the space of 100 years. All the four books carry down the sacred history near 600 years, from A. 2849 till the transmigration of Juda, A. 3420. C. Usher.
1 Samuel 1:1
Ver. 1. There. Heb. Sept. &c. "And there," &c. The books of Scripture are thus frequently connected. The authors present us with a series of events, without prefixing any title, or their own names, that our attention may be wholly fixed on what we read. The birth of Samuel being so miraculous, deserves to be recorded, as he was the last judge of Israel, and had so much to do under the first of their kings, whose election and misconduct brought a great change into the state of the commonwealth. C. --- Ramathaimsophim. Rama, or Ramatha, "a height," and the environs were occupied by the family of Suph, a descendant of Core; (1 Par. vi. 29.) though the place did not properly belong to the Levites. It lay probably between Gabaa and Bethel, where Samuel spent much of his time, while he was judge, and obliged to be frequently absent from the tabernacle. C. --- Ragusinus and Prince Radzivil think it was afterwards called Arimathea, the birth-place of Joseph, and now Ramula. T. C. ii. 11. ---
Ephraimite. He was of the tribe of Levi, (1 Par. vi. 34.) but is called an Ephraimites from dwelling in Mount Ephraim. Ch. --- So we read of Cretan Jews. Acts ii. 11. T.
↑ 11 Samuel 1:2
Ver. 2. Phenenna. She was only of inferior dignity. At that time polygamy was lawful, (M.) as Moses insinuates, if he do not expressly allow it.
↑ 21 Samuel 1:3
Ver. 3. Days, the three great festivals. His family accompanied him, though the law only lays an express injunction upon the males to attend. We find, however, that females did not neglect to come. C. --- Hosts. Heb. ( Tsebaoth) of
"armies," both of angels and of Israel. God is attended by myriads of angels, and decides the fate of armies. H. --- This title has not appeared in the former books. The pagans took occasion from it to form their Jupiter Sabazius. C. ---
Elcana might go up from the height of Ramatha to Silo, which was the highest mountain round Jerusalem of all in the holy land. Adrichom. T.
↑ 31 Samuel 1:4
Ver. 4. Sacrificed, by the hand of the priests, (M.) who had the breast and right shoulder; the rest was given back to the person who had presented the fattened victim, that he might feast with his friends. C.
↑ 41 Samuel 1:5
Ver. 5. With sorrow. Hebrew apayim, "of faces, indignation, (C.) sorrow;" (M.) or that was presented before him. Chal. and many others translate, "a chosen:"
(C.) Prot. "a worthy portion."
H. --- The shew-bread is called, "the bread of the face," because it stood before the Lord. Joseph sent to each of his brethren, "a portion of his faces," as the Heb. expresses it; (Gen. xliii. 33.) or of such meat as was placed upon his table. In the East, the master of a family has all set before him, and he sends to each his portion, to the place where he is sitting. Chardin, Perse. --- Thus Elcana sent some more excellent, or "double," part to his beloved Anna, (C.) grieving inwardly that she had no children, to whom he might also send. H. ---
By this distinction, he wished to alleviate the sorrow of his wife. M. --- Womb.
Sterility was deemed a curse, and a mark of God's displeasure, with which women were often reproached. Hence Anna prays so earnestly that God would be mindful of her. v. 11---19. The power of the Almighty, in giving children to the barren, is frequently mentioned. Gen. xxviii. 13. Ps. cxii. 9. C. --- Luke i. 25.
&c. H.
↑ 51 Samuel 1:6
Ver. 6. Insomuch. Heb. "to make her fret, or rage; because the Lord," &c. C.
↑ 61 Samuel 1:7
Ver. 7. Lord. Then they could hardly avoid being together on the road, and Anna was accustomed to pray earnestly (M.) to be delivered from her reproach. H.
↑ 71 Samuel 1:9
Ver. 9. Silo; either in some private house, or in the porch before the tabernacle.
She complied with the entreaty of her husband. M. --- Stool. Heb. "Heli was sitting upon a throne, near the steps, leading to the palace of the Lord." It is also called the temple, or the house of God, though it was only a tent. Mat. xii.
4. &c. Perhaps women were not allowed to go beyond the porch.
↑ 91 Samuel 1:11
Ver. 11. A vow; rightly trusting that her husband would give his consent. Num.
xxx. 7. ---
Razor. Heb. mora, "scissors." Sept. "iron." Some copies add, "he shall not drink wine, nor any intoxicating drink." In quality of Levite, Samuel was bound to serve the tabernacle from 25 or 30
years of age till he was 50. Num. iv. 2. Anna consecrates him to the Lord for life, and promises that he shall be a Nazarite, like Samson, and S. John Baptist. The law prescribes no rules for these perpetual Nazarites. Num. vi. 3.
Many of the ancients believe that Samuel always observed the prescriptions of Moses, and abstained from intoxicating liquors; though the Heb.
and Vulg. are silent on this head. We find that during his administration as Judge, he was not able to continue always near the tabernacle. C. --- When he came to years of discretion, he might depart if he thought proper, like other Levites. Had he been of another tribe, he must have been redeemed. W. ---
Esther, Elcana, or Samuel, might have annulled this vow. Salien, A. 2900.
↑ 111 Samuel 1:12
Ver. 12. Prayers, out of fervour; not through vain superstition and ostentation, as the Pharisees and pagans did. Mat. xxiii. 14. Christ does not condemn many, or long prayers, since he prayed whole nights for our instruction. Luc.
xxi. 43. and vi. 12. 1 Thes. v. 17. --- Mouth. He tried, but could not hear what she said. C.
↑ 121 Samuel 1:14
Ver. 14. Much. Heli's "son or servant," ( paidarion, according to the Sept.) addressed these words to Anna. Her going to pray immediately after a feast, instead of taking recreation, increased the suspicion. S. Chrys. hom. 1. ---
Salien (A.C. 1153) observes the many instances of patience which Anna exhibits on this occasion. H. --- She teaches us not to answer the unjust reproaches of our superiors with haughtiness. D.
↑ 141 Samuel 1:15
Ver. 15. My lord. She gives him this title, though he had called her a drunken woman. H. ---
Unhappy. Heb. "of a hard (or afflicted) spirit." See Cant. viii. 6. C.
↑ 151 Samuel 1:16
Ver. 16. Belial; "without restraint;" abandoned. H. --- Sept. "pestiferous." ---
Sorrow. Heb.
"meditation;" (C.) what preys upon my spirits. H.
↑ 161 Samuel 1:17
Ver. 17. Peace, with all blessings. M.
↑ 171 Samuel 1:18
Ver. 18. Eyes: that thou wouldst lay aside thy suspicions against my character, and pray (C.) that I may obtain so great a happiness. --- Changed. Heb. "no more," as it had been sad, and defaced with tears. H. --- She was now full of hope and joy. M. --- Sept. "her countenance fell not." She was not moved with anger or with jealousy. Gen. iv. 6. C.
↑ 181 Samuel 1:20
Ver. 20. About, at the expiration of the year, which term the ancients frequently allowed between the conception and the nativity. Gen. xviii. 10. --- Samuel. This name imports, asked of God.
Ch. --- Some letters are omitted for the easier pronunciation, as the Hebrews would now write it, Saul-meel; (C.) or it may signigy, "God placed him," sum-hal. T. --- Shaal means, "to ask." But Vatable thinks that Anna retained only the first letter. M.
↑ 201 Samuel 1:21
Ver. 21. Vow, in consequence of his son's nativity. The sacrifice might be of precept, such as the paschal lamb, or for his wife's purification and the redemption of his first-born, as they could not attend in person. C. --- Heb. "the victim of days and his vow," which he had probably made in conjunction with Anna. M.
↑ 211 Samuel 1:22
Ver. 22. Weaned. The mother of the Machabees weaned her children when they were three years old; (2 Mac. vii. 27.) which Gallien asserts as the proper time, though Avicenna fixes upon two years. See Gen. xxi. 8. Iremellius translates,
"till the child be grown up." But we must not allow any long term, since he was very young when he was presented to the Lord. v. 24.
↑ 221 Samuel 1:23
Ver. 23. Word, by preserving the life of the child, (C.) and enabling him to serve according to our engagement. H. --- Word is often put for "a thing," in Heb.
May God perfect his own work.
M.
↑ 231 Samuel 1:24
Ver. 24. Three calves. Sept. "a calf three years old," such as Abraham sacrificed, Gen. xv. 9.
We only find one offered up, v. 25. --- Bushels. Heb. epha, (C.) each of which contained three bushes or measures. Ruth ii. 17. H. --- Bottle. Heb. nebel, a large measure containing above 87
pints. C. --- The sacrifices seem to have been for thanksgiving, accompanied with an ephi for each calf, and with wine. Num. xv. Ezec. xlvi. 7.
↑ 241 Samuel 1:26
Ver. 26. Liveth: a strong attestation. M. --- As sure as you live; or, may you enjoy a long and happy life. See C. xvii. 55. and xx. 3. Dan. iii. 9. 2 Esd. ii. 3.
↑ 261 Samuel 1:28
Ver. 28. Lent. This is equivalent to giving entirely. Anna presents her son to the Lord, to serve in his tabernacle as long as God shall think proper. He dispensed with his personal attendance, when he appointed him judge. C. vii.
15. C. --- As much as depended on Samuel's mother, he was consecrated for ever. But he was at liberty to ratify the vow if he pleased. M. --- The expression, lent, seems to reserve the dominion of the thing, which Anna had entirely given up, so that we might translate the Heb. "Therefore I have him simply as one lent...he is a thing lent, which belongs to the Lord." C. --- They. Heb. "he worshipped the Lord there." Grabe found not these words in the Alex. copy, which by comparison of this chapter with the the Vatican edition, appears, to be more accurate. Both omit this sentence: but it is found in the Aldine edition of the Sept. Proleg. C. iv. The Targum adds, "and she prayed in the spirit of prophecy, and said." H.
↑ 28Licence: Notes by Fr. George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), from the Douay-Rheims Bible with Haydock's commentary (first ed. Thomas Haydock, Manchester/Dublin, 1811–1814; New York: Edward Dunigan & Brother, 1859); New Testament notes compiled with Fr. Benedict Rayment. Public domain. Digital text: "The Haydock Bible", Internet Archive (archive.org/details/TheHaydockBible), uploaded 2011 under the Public Domain Mark. · Crédits et licences